Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, what is the primary conflict toddlers face?
According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, what is the primary conflict toddlers face?
- Initiative vs. Guilt
- Trust vs. Mistrust
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- Autonomy vs. Shame (correct)
Parallel play is a type of play where toddlers actively share toys and engage in cooperative activities with each other.
Parallel play is a type of play where toddlers actively share toys and engage in cooperative activities with each other.
False (B)
What is a common emotional response seen in toddlers when they are faced with separation from their parents or caregivers?
What is a common emotional response seen in toddlers when they are faced with separation from their parents or caregivers?
Separation anxiety
According to Freud's psychosexual stages, toddlers are in the ______ stage, which is associated with toilet training.
According to Freud's psychosexual stages, toddlers are in the ______ stage, which is associated with toilet training.
Match the following congenital heart defects with their descriptions:
Match the following congenital heart defects with their descriptions:
In acyanotic heart defects, what is the general direction of blood flow?
In acyanotic heart defects, what is the general direction of blood flow?
Acyanotic heart defects always present with cyanosis (bluish skin) in affected individuals.
Acyanotic heart defects always present with cyanosis (bluish skin) in affected individuals.
What is the primary cause of congestive heart failure (CHF) in the context of congenital heart defects?
What is the primary cause of congestive heart failure (CHF) in the context of congenital heart defects?
In left-sided heart failure, a common respiratory symptom is ______ due to pulmonary hypertension and edema.
In left-sided heart failure, a common respiratory symptom is ______ due to pulmonary hypertension and edema.
Which of the following is an early sign of digitalis toxicity in children with CHF?
Which of the following is an early sign of digitalis toxicity in children with CHF?
An atrial septal defect (ASD) always presents with a loud, easily detectable murmur.
An atrial septal defect (ASD) always presents with a loud, easily detectable murmur.
What is the primary goal of using diuretics in the management of atrial septal defects (ASD)?
What is the primary goal of using diuretics in the management of atrial septal defects (ASD)?
A classic finding in ventricular septal defect (VSD) auscultation is a ______ murmur heard at the left lower sternal border.
A classic finding in ventricular septal defect (VSD) auscultation is a ______ murmur heard at the left lower sternal border.
Which of the following is a common medication used to address the symptoms of increased blood flow in a patient with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Which of the following is a common medication used to address the symptoms of increased blood flow in a patient with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
In coarctation of the aorta, blood pressure is typically lower in the upper extremities compared to the lower extremities.
In coarctation of the aorta, blood pressure is typically lower in the upper extremities compared to the lower extremities.
What physical assessment finding is considered a pathognomonic sign (a sign specific to the condition) for coarctation of the aorta?
What physical assessment finding is considered a pathognomonic sign (a sign specific to the condition) for coarctation of the aorta?
The mechanism behind coarctation of the aorta involves migration of ______ tissue into the wall of the fetal thoracic aorta.
The mechanism behind coarctation of the aorta involves migration of ______ tissue into the wall of the fetal thoracic aorta.
What is the primary goal when prescribing furosemide?
What is the primary goal when prescribing furosemide?
Tetralogy of Fallot is considered an Acyanotic Heart Disease.
Tetralogy of Fallot is considered an Acyanotic Heart Disease.
What action should you take to manage a toddler's temper tantrum?
What action should you take to manage a toddler's temper tantrum?
Flashcards
What defines a toddler?
What defines a toddler?
Age 1 to 3 years. Key developments include toilet training, asserting autonomy, and engaging in parallel play.
How to handle toddler tantrums?
How to handle toddler tantrums?
Acting out to control self and others. Manage by ignoring behavior and redirecting to other activities.
Congenital Cardiac Malformation
Congenital Cardiac Malformation
Structural heart defects present at birth, categorized as either acyanotic or cyanotic.
Acyanotic Heart Disease
Acyanotic Heart Disease
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What is CHF in infants?
What is CHF in infants?
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Signs of Left-sided Heart Failure
Signs of Left-sided Heart Failure
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Signs of Right-sided Heart Failure
Signs of Right-sided Heart Failure
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Pharmacologic treatment for CHF
Pharmacologic treatment for CHF
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Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
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Symptoms of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Symptoms of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
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Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
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Symptoms of very small VSDs
Symptoms of very small VSDs
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
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Key signs of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Key signs of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
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Manage PDA symptoms with...
Manage PDA symptoms with...
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Coarctation of the Aorta
Coarctation of the Aorta
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Signs of Coarctation of the Aorta
Signs of Coarctation of the Aorta
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How does a constricted aorta affect other parts of the body?
How does a constricted aorta affect other parts of the body?
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How can a coarcted aorta be treated?
How can a coarcted aorta be treated?
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Study Notes
- The toddler stage is between the ages of 1 and 3.
- Freud's anal stage corresponds to toilet training during the toddler years.
- Erikson's stage of autonomy vs. shame is relevant to toddlers, often characterized by the word "no".
- Toddlers are in Piaget's preoperational thought period, specifically stage 1.
- Parallel play is characteristic of toddlers.
- Common toddler activities include push-pull toys, building blocks, and riding toys.
- Separation anxiety is the greatest fear for toddlers.
- Love and consistency are important in child rearing during this stage.
- Toddlers may have temper tantrums as a way to control themselves and others.
- Ignoring the behavior and redirecting them to other activities can help with temper tantrums.
Atrial Septal Defect
- It involves an opening between the left and right atria.
- Atrial pressure is generally lower than ventricular pressure.
- The amount of blood flow through the defect may be limited.
- An ASD may not have an associated murmur, potentially going unnoticed without clinical symptoms.
Signs and Symptoms - Atrial Septal Defect
- Dyspnea on mild exertion
- Fatigue
- Retarded growth
- High risk for Respiratory Infection
Management - Atrial Septal Defect
- Defects less than 5 mm often do not need to be closed and produce no clinical symptoms.
- Diuretics can be used in an effort to allow spontaneous closure for defects less than 5mm.
- Referral for closure is necessary if the defect remains 5 mm or greater to decrease the incidence of supraventricular dysrhythmias and prevent pulmonary vascular disease.
- Immediate closure is required if the defect is 8 mm or larger with evidence of increased pulmonary blood flow.
Types - Atrial Septal Defect
- Sinus venosus defects are located high in the septum.
- Secundum defects are located in the center of the septum.
- Primum defects are located in the low portion of the septum.
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