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Enterprise computing involves computing information systems designed to help organizations achieve their goals.

Information technology (IT) encompasses hardware and software used by businesses to reach their objectives.

Information systems are interconnected components managing information to aid decision-making and control, assist with analysis, visualization, and product creation.

IT and organizations mutually influence one another.

Organizational structure is a method for dividing, organizing, and coordinating activities. Structures include functional, divisional, and matrix structures.

An organization is a formal social and legal structure managing resources from the environment to create outputs.

Organizational characteristics include hierarchical structure, accountability, authority in decision-making, adherence to efficiency principles, routines, and business processes.

Business processes are collections of routines.

A business firm comprises various business processes.

IT improves business processes by increasing efficiency through automation, enabling new processes, altering information flow, reducing decision-making delays, and more.

Transaction processing systems serve operational managers and staff by recording daily routine transactions and allowing managers to monitor operations and external relations.

Systems for business intelligence employ data and software tools to analyze and organize data, aiding managers in making better decisions. This includes management information systems, decision support systems, and executive support systems.

Management information systems (MIS) serve middle management by providing reports on firm performance based on transaction processing system (TPS) data. They also provide answers to routine questions through predefined procedures.

Decision support systems assist middle management in non-routine decisions using both internal and external information.

Executive support systems focus on senior management, addressing nonroutine, judgment-requiring decisions with insights, and incorporating data on external events and summarized internal information from MIS and DSS systems.

Enterprise applications link entire organizations, covering all management levels.

Chief enterprise applications include supply chain management, customer relationship management, and knowledge management systems.

Enterprise systems, often referred to as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems, centralize data, speed information communication, increase customer response & order fulfillment accuracy, and allow for company-wide operational views.

Supply chain management (SCM) systems manage relationships with suppliers, distributors, and logistics providers, tracking orders, production, & inventory.

Customer relationship management (CRM) systems manage customer relationships, handling sales, marketing, and customer service to optimize revenue, improve satisfaction, and increase customer retention and sales.

Knowledge management systems (KMS) manage knowledge and expertise, making relevant info accessible across the organization.

Intranets are internal, internet-based networks, often part of company websites.

Extranets are company websites accessible only to authorized suppliers enhancing collaboration.

E-business utilizes digital technologies and the internet for key business processes.

E-commerce is a subset of e-business, focusing on buying and selling goods/services online.

E-government employs internet technology to deliver info/services to citizens, employees, and businesses.

IT governance involves strategies and policies for using IT within the organization, decision rights, accountability, and organization of information systems function in a centralized or decentralized manner.

IT infrastructure includes physical devices, software, and enterprise-wide services encompassing human and technical capabilities, including computing platforms, physical facilities management, and IT-related services like management and training.

The evolution of IT infrastructure spans various eras: mainframe/minicomputer, personal computer, client/server, enterprise computing, and cloud/mobile computing.

The IT infrastructure ecosystem encompasses several key components such as data management and storage, internet platforms, computer hardware platforms, operating systems, enterprise software applications, networking/telecommunications platforms, internet platforms, and consulting system integration services.

Computer hardware platforms include client machines (desktops, laptops, mobile computing devices), and servers (including mainframes).

Operating system platforms range from corporate servers (Windows Server, Unix, Linux) to client-level systems (Microsoft Windows, Android, iOS, Windows 10, and Chrome OS).

Enterprise software applications include widely used systems like SAP (ERP software) and Oracle, while middleware providers like IBM and Oracle are also significant.

Data management and storage involves providers like IBM (DB2), Oracle, Microsoft (SQL Server), Sybase, MySQL, and Apache Hadoop, along with physical data storage solutions.

Networking/telecommunications platforms include network operating systems (Windows Server, Linux, Unix), networking hardware providers (Cisco, Juniper Networks), and telecommunication services (AT&T, Verizon).

Internet platforms encompass hardware, software, and management services supporting company websites, including web hosting services, routers, cabling, and web development tools/suites like Microsoft .NET, Oracle-Sun (Java) and Adobe.

Consulting and system integration services assist firms with new, complex infrastructure support and software integration to legacy systems; key firms include Accenture, IBM Global Services, HP, Infosys, and Wipro Technologies.

Current computer hardware platform trends include mobile digital platforms (smartphones, tablets), wearable devices, consumerization of IT (BYOD), quantum computing, virtualization, cloud computing (IaaS, SaaS, PaaS), and edge computing.

Green computing focuses on manufacturing, use, and disposal of computing/networking hardware, prioritizing power reduction in data centers, and employing energy-efficient processors.

Current computer software platform trends include Linux and open-source software (Apache web servers, Mozilla Firefox browsers, OpenOffice), software for the web (Java, HTML, HTML5), web services and service-oriented architecture (XML, SOA), software outsourcing, and cloud services.

Dealing with platform/infrastructure change involves scaling to accommodate user growth, implementing policies/procedures for managing new platforms like mobile and cloud, and using contractual agreements with cloud providers and software distributors for management of new and legacy systems.

Managing and governing IT infrastructure requires defining responsibilities for control (centralized or decentralized IT departments).

Strategic business objectives of information systems include operational excellence, new products/services/business models, customer/supplier intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and survival.

Data represents raw facts, while information is structured data for meaningful use.

File organization concepts include databases (groups of related files), files (groups of records), records (groups of fields), fields (characters/words/numbers), entities (people/places/things), and attributes (characteristics describing entities)

Database management systems (DBMs) centralize and control data, interface apps with physical data, and separate logical/physical views to solve traditional file environment problems involving redundancy and inconsistency.

Relational DBMs employ operations like SELECT (creating subsets based on criteria), JOIN (combining relational tables), and PROJECT (creating subsets of columns).

Business intelligence infrastructure utilizes various tools for obtaining info from diverse systems (and from Big Data). These include data warehouses (storing current/historical data from operational systems), data marts (subsets focusing on a single subject/business area), Hadoop (enabling distributed parallel processing of big data), and analytic platforms for analysis and reporting.

Analytical tools encompass multidimensional data analysis (OLAP), data mining, text mining, and web mining for identifying patterns, relationships, and trends.

OLAP provides rapid, online answers to ad-hoc queries.

Multidimensional data models visualize data across various dimensions (like products, region, time).

Data mining identifies hidden patterns in datasets for predicting future behaviors.