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Questions and Answers
What is the main cause of dental plaque and gingivitis?
What is the main cause of dental plaque and gingivitis?
What is the primary source of contaminated water delivered by dental units?
What is the primary source of contaminated water delivered by dental units?
How long does it take for gingivitis to develop after discontinuing oral hygiene?
How long does it take for gingivitis to develop after discontinuing oral hygiene?
What is the first step in the formation of biofilms?
What is the first step in the formation of biofilms?
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What is the primary source of contaminated water delivered by dental units?
What is the primary source of contaminated water delivered by dental units?
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What is dysbiosis?
What is dysbiosis?
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What is the first step in the formation of biofilms?
What is the first step in the formation of biofilms?
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What is the primary component of plaque biofilm?
What is the primary component of plaque biofilm?
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How long does it typically take for free-floating microbes to attach to a surface?
How long does it typically take for free-floating microbes to attach to a surface?
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What is the term for a microbial imbalance on or inside the body?
What is the term for a microbial imbalance on or inside the body?
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What is the difference between tissue-associated and free-floating plaque?
What is the difference between tissue-associated and free-floating plaque?
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What is the primary component of a mature dental plaque biofilm?
What is the primary component of a mature dental plaque biofilm?
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What is the most effective way to remove dental plaque?
What is the most effective way to remove dental plaque?
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What type of bacteria is typically found in free-floating plaque?
What type of bacteria is typically found in free-floating plaque?
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What is the relationship between the bacteria in a healthy oral biofilm?
What is the relationship between the bacteria in a healthy oral biofilm?
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How long does it typically take for gingivitis to develop after discontinuing oral hygiene?
How long does it typically take for gingivitis to develop after discontinuing oral hygiene?
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What is the best way to disrupt dental plaque?
What is the best way to disrupt dental plaque?
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What is the relationship between bacteria in the biofilm and commensal microorganisms in health?
What is the relationship between bacteria in the biofilm and commensal microorganisms in health?
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What is the main difference between tissue-associated and free-floating plaque?
What is the main difference between tissue-associated and free-floating plaque?
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How many microorganisms are typically found in one human mouth?
How many microorganisms are typically found in one human mouth?
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Study Notes
- Dental plaque and gingivitis are caused by the accumulation of bacteria on teeth.
- Gingivitis develops 10-21 days after discontinuing oral hygiene.
- Bacteria are everywhere in nature, and one human mouth is home to more microorganisms than there are people on the planet Earth.
- Biofilms are colonies of bacteria that form quickly on tooth surfaces.
- Biofilms thrive in dental unit water and suction lines and have been shown to be the primary source of contaminated water delivered by dental units.
- Biofilms are found nearly everywhere in nature, and they have a major impact on human health.
- Free-floating bacteria: Staphylococci, Streptococci, Pseudomonas, and Escherichia coli, typically form biofilms quickly.
- General formation:
- The first step is colonization of the tooth surface.
- Next, additional microbes join with the early colonizers.
- Finally, a complex microbial community develops that is characteristic of chronic infection.
- Specific formation:
- Within minutes: Free-floating microbes attach to a surface
- Within 2 to 4 hours: Microbes form strongly attached microcolonies
- Within 6 to 12 hours: Microbes produce an initial extracellular protective matrix and become increasingly resistant to antiseptics and antibiotics
- Within 2 to 4 days: The biofilm evolves into a more mature form.
- Oral biofilms are polymicrobial communities of numerous microbial species, embedded in a protective matrix that consists of microbial metabolic products and/or host components.
- In health, the bacteria in the biofilm maintain a symbiotic (mutually beneficial) relationship with commensal microorganisms.
- Dysbiosis is a term for a microbial imbalance on or inside the body.
- If the oral biofilm is not disrupted frequently and is allowed to mature, the conditions within it can lead to an imbalance of microbial colonies, which can lead to problems.
- plaque biofilm is composed of a variety of salivary glycoproteins and antibodies
- pellicle formation is rapid and free-floating microbes begin to attach within a few hours
- primary colonizers provide binding sites for the adhesion of other bacteria
- mature biofilm is composed of a self-protective matrix and is protected from host immune defenses
- there is an increase in mass and thickness from the growth of attached bacteria
- Dental plaque is composed of a mixture of different types of bacteria.
- The composition of dental plaque can change over time, depending on the level of oral hygiene.
- Mature dental plaque is typically composed of gram-negative bacteria and spirochetes.
- The sequence of bacterial colonization is important in the establishment and growth of dental plaque.
- Dental plaque can be classified as tissue-associated or free-floating.
- The composition of tissue-associated plaque is different than that of free-floating plaque.
- The sequence of bacterial colonization is important in the establishment and growth of tissue-associated plaque.
- Dental plaque can be removed by brushing and flossing, or by using a dental prophylactic such as toothpaste.
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