Tissues Chapter 3 Quiz

Body Tissues

• Cells are specialized for distinct functions, leading to the formation of tissues.
• Tissues are categorized into four primary types:
  • Epithelium
  • Connective tissue
  • Nervous tissue
  • Muscle tissue

Epithelial Tissue

• Serves as a barrier between different environments within the body and covers body surfaces.
• Functions include protection (e.g., skin), absorption (e.g., gastrointestinal tract), filtration (e.g., kidneys), and secretion (e.g., glands).
• Characteristics include closely fitting cells, basal membrane attachment, avascularity (lacking blood supply), and the ability to regenerate when nourished.

Classification of Epithelium

• Classified by the number of cell layers:

  • Simple: single layer.
  • Stratified: multiple layers.
  • Pseudostratified: appears layered but is actually single-layered.

• Classified by cell shape:

  • Squamous: flattened cells.
  • Cuboidal: cube-shaped cells.
  • Columnar: tall, column-like cells.

Types of Simple Epithelium

• Simple Squamous Epithelium: Single, flat cells; lines body cavities, lungs, and capillaries.
• Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Single layer of cube-like cells; found in glands, kidney tubules, and ovaries.
• Simple Columnar Epithelium: Tall cells; often contains goblet cells that secrete mucus; lines the digestive tract.
• Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium: Seems layered due to varied cell heights; often ciliated; located in respiratory tract.

Types of Stratified Epithelium

• Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Flattened cells on the free edge; provides protection against friction; found in skin, mouth, and esophagus.
• Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium: Typically two layers of cuboidal cells; rare in the human body.
• Stratified Columnar Epithelium: Surface cells are columnar; underlying cells vary; also uncommon and found in select ducts.
• Transitional Epithelium: Shape changes depending on stretching; lines organs in the urinary system.

Glandular Epithelium

• Composed of glands that secrete products.
• Two main types:
  • Endocrine Glands: Ductless, secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream.
  • Exocrine Glands: Secrete through ducts to epithelial surfaces; includes sweat and oil glands.

Connective Tissue

• Most abundant and varied tissue type in the body; supports, binds, and protects other tissues.
• Functions include:
  • Binding tissues together
  • Providing structural support
  • Cushioning and insulation

Characteristics of Connective Tissue

• Variability in blood supply; some tissues are well-vascularized, others are avascular.
• Composed of an extracellular matrix: the non-living material surrounding living cells, consisting of ground substance and fibers.

Types of Connective Tissue

• Bone: Hard tissue that supports body structure.
• Cartilage: Flexible tissue with three types including Hyaline, which is the most abundant.
• Dense Connective Tissue: Includes tendons, ligaments, and dermis.
• Loose Connective Tissue: Composed of areolar, adipose, and reticular tissue.
• Blood: Fluid connective tissue transporting materials; consists of cells suspended in plasma.

Muscle Tissue

• Primary role is movement and can be categorized into three types:
  • Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary control, striated appearance, multinucleated.
  • Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary control, striated, single nucleus; found in the heart, functioning to pump blood.
  • Smooth Muscle: Involuntary, no visible striations, single nucleus; surrounds hollow organs.

Nervous Tissue

• Composed of neurons and supporting cells.
• Primary functions include sending impulses and facilitating communication throughout the body, demonstrating irritability and conductivity.

Tissue Repair (Wound Healing)

• Injuries provoke an inflammatory response:
  • Capillaries become more permeable; hormones and nutrients are delivered.
  • Formation of clot and scab occurs.
• Granulation tissue forms, leading to regeneration of surface epithelium and healing.

This quiz covers Chapter 3 on Tissues, focusing on the four primary types: Epithelium, Connective Tissue, Nervous Tissue, and Muscle. Assess your understanding of the specialized cells and their functions within these tissue types. Test your knowledge and see how well you grasp these fundamental concepts in biology.