Tissue and Cell Transport Quiz

Tissue Types

• Epithelial tissue: Lines body cavities and covers external surfaces; classified by cell shape and arrangement. Functions include protection, absorption, filtration, secretion, and sensory reception.
• Nervous tissue: Transmits nerve impulses; forms nerves and brain. Contains supporting cells that protect and insulate neurons.
• Connective tissue: Anchors, packages, and supports body organs; derived from mesenchyme. Most widespread and abundant tissue type, providing support, protection, insulation, and binding of other tissues.
• Muscle tissue: Responsible for movement, including pumping blood and flushing urine. Major types are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth, with voluntary and involuntary control.

Cell Transport Mechanisms

• Facilitated diffusion: Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.
• Simple diffusion: Movement of solute from high concentration to low concentration areas.
• Active transport: Movement of ions or molecules against a concentration gradient, aided by enzymes and requiring energy (ATP).
• Passive processes: Movement driven by concentration or pressure differences.
• Osmosis: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
• Active processes: Require energy (ATP) and occur only in living cell membranes.
• Vesicular transport: Transport of large particles and macromolecules across plasma membranes.

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

• Endocytosis: Process of moving substances into the cell.
• Exocytosis: Process of moving substances out of the cell.
• Phagocytosis: A type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells.
• Pinocytosis: A type of endocytosis where the cell ingests extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes.

Solutions and Concentration

• Isotonic: Solutions with the same concentration of solutes.
• Hypotonic: Solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution.
• Hypertonic: Solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

Cell Cycle Phases

• Interphase: The phase between nuclear divisions.
• G1 phase: First growth phase before DNA synthesis begins.
• S phase: Phase of DNA replication.
• G2 phase: Phase involving protein synthesis.
• Mitosis: Process of cell division resulting in nuclei with the same number of chromosomes.

Stages of Mitosis

• Prophase: First mitosis stage, where chromatin coils into identifiable sister chromatids.
• Metaphase: Second mitosis stage, centrosomes are at opposite poles.
• Anaphase: Shortest phase, where centromeres split and sister chromatids move apart.
• Telophase: Final stage of mitosis; chromosome movement halts.
• Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm, completing the cell division process.