Questions and Answers
What type of tissue lines body cavities and covers the body's external surface?
Which type of tissue transmits nerve impulses throughout the body?
What is connective tissue primarily responsible for?
Which type of tissue facilitates movement by contracting?
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What is facilitated diffusion?
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Define simple diffusion.
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What is active transport?
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What drives passive processes?
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What is osmosis?
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What are active processes in cell transport?
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Define vesicular transport.
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What is endocytosis?
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What is exocytosis?
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Define phagocytosis.
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What is pinocytosis?
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What does isotonic mean?
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Define hypotonic solution.
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What characterizes a hypertonic solution?
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What is interphase in the cell cycle?
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What occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
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What is the S phase of the cell cycle?
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What happens during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
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What is the process of mitosis?
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Describe prophase in mitosis.
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What occurs during metaphase?
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What is anaphase in mitosis?
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What happens during telophase?
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Define cytokinesis.
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Study Notes
Tissue Types
- Epithelial tissue: Lines body cavities and covers external surfaces; classified by cell shape and arrangement. Functions include protection, absorption, filtration, secretion, and sensory reception.
- Nervous tissue: Transmits nerve impulses; forms nerves and brain. Contains supporting cells that protect and insulate neurons.
- Connective tissue: Anchors, packages, and supports body organs; derived from mesenchyme. Most widespread and abundant tissue type, providing support, protection, insulation, and binding of other tissues.
- Muscle tissue: Responsible for movement, including pumping blood and flushing urine. Major types are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth, with voluntary and involuntary control.
Cell Transport Mechanisms
- Facilitated diffusion: Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.
- Simple diffusion: Movement of solute from high concentration to low concentration areas.
- Active transport: Movement of ions or molecules against a concentration gradient, aided by enzymes and requiring energy (ATP).
- Passive processes: Movement driven by concentration or pressure differences.
- Osmosis: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
- Active processes: Require energy (ATP) and occur only in living cell membranes.
- Vesicular transport: Transport of large particles and macromolecules across plasma membranes.
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
- Endocytosis: Process of moving substances into the cell.
- Exocytosis: Process of moving substances out of the cell.
- Phagocytosis: A type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells.
- Pinocytosis: A type of endocytosis where the cell ingests extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes.
Solutions and Concentration
- Isotonic: Solutions with the same concentration of solutes.
- Hypotonic: Solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution.
- Hypertonic: Solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution.
Cell Cycle Phases
- Interphase: The phase between nuclear divisions.
- G1 phase: First growth phase before DNA synthesis begins.
- S phase: Phase of DNA replication.
- G2 phase: Phase involving protein synthesis.
- Mitosis: Process of cell division resulting in nuclei with the same number of chromosomes.
Stages of Mitosis
- Prophase: First mitosis stage, where chromatin coils into identifiable sister chromatids.
- Metaphase: Second mitosis stage, centrosomes are at opposite poles.
- Anaphase: Shortest phase, where centromeres split and sister chromatids move apart.
- Telophase: Final stage of mitosis; chromosome movement halts.
- Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm, completing the cell division process.
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Description
Test your knowledge of various types of tissues, including epithelial and nervous tissue, and their functions. This quiz covers definitions, classifications, and roles of different tissues in the body. Perfect for students studying biology or human anatomy.