Тіньова економіка в Україні

The movement of capital from one country to another, often due to concerns about economic stability or political risk.

A choice about where to invest capital, either domestically or internationally.

The rate of return on an investment.

Measures to safeguard existing capital investments.

Investment within one's own country.

Investment in another country.

A record of a country's transactions with other countries.

The movement of currency into and out of a country.

Part of the economy operating outside of official accounting and regulations.

The social and economic meaning behind shadow economy, including reasons and effects, not just financial exchange.

The complex internal connections and patterns of behavior that characterize the shadow economy.

Shadow economy arises from the market's complexity, not a separate entity.

Combining multiple fields of study to analyze the shadow economy's development, including many perspectives.

Illegal or unreported economic activity, encompassing various sectors like production, investment, and services.

Areas with the most prevalent shadow economic activity, including production/distribution, investments, finance (banking, etc.), resource management, and services.

Complex network of interconnected activities, acting as a motivating force within the shadow economy.

Illegal economic activity present in all countries, distinct from the shadow economy.

Countries that were formerly communist, facing different challenges regarding shadow economy structure.

Economic activities, potentially legal, unreported to authorities to avoid taxes and regulations.

Economic activity intentionally kept hidden from authorities.

Expenses associated with conducting economic transfers (e.g., taxes, paperwork).

Economic activities that operate outside of formal legal structures and regulations.

Work that is not officially recognized or documented.

The part of the economy that operates outside the formal system and avoids taxes and regulations.

Research based on observation and measurement of real-world phenomena.

Diverse ways to categorize and evaluate the shadow economy.

The lack of a unified approach in Ukraine to the shadow economy, leading to inconsistent categorizations, valuation, and solutions.

The different ways of classifying the shadow economy (e.g. illegal, hidden, underground).

The absence of a consistent method for understanding, evaluating the extent, and addressing the shadow economy in Ukraine.

Part of an economy operating outside official regulations and accounting.

The idea that legal business practices in a country/region are more expensive (in terms of regulations, taxes, and compliance), compared to operating outside the law.

Alternative rules and systems for conducting business, especially those outside of formal legal frameworks, like agreements among participants in an unofficial market.

Economic hardship forces entrepreneurs to operate outside the legal system due to the higher costs of compliance.

Similar situations of informal markets, or 'illegal' activities, have occurred in other countries’ history previously.

Part of Ukraine's economy operating outside official channels, presenting a threat to security.

Hidden market for military technologies and weapons, increasing national security risks.

Potential for Ukraine's international isolation due to shadow economy activities.

How ongoing social and political changes affect the development of shadow economic activity across countries.

Hidden activities potentially harming the security of a nation, particularly in the military technology trade.