Lecture 4

A fungal infection of the skin that typically presents as a red, scaly ring with central clearing.

The most common causative organism of tinea corporis.

A fungal infection of the scalp that presents as areas of hair loss with scaling and possible erythema.

The most common causative organism of tinea capitis.

A type of fungus that causes infections by digesting keratin.

A defense mechanism against dermatophyte infections, where the stratum corneum is shed faster than the fungus can proliferate.

A diagnostic test for tinea corporis and tinea capitis, where a sample of skin is treated with potassium hydroxide to dissolve keratin, leaving visible fungal elements.

A diagnostic test for tinea corporis and tinea capitis, where a sample of skin is grown in a culture medium to allow the fungus to multiply and identify the specific organism.

A skin condition caused by a virus that affects the skin near the nail.

The common name for the HPV (Human Papillomavirus) that causes warts, a group of over 70 viruses.

Warts are rough, with brown or black dots on them, which are actually visible blood clots deep in the wart.

A protein produced by HPV viruses, playing a crucial role in hijacking cell growth to replicate the virus.

A type of protein that helps build the outer shell (capsid) of viruses, protecting the genetic material inside.

A specific type of wart that grows near the nails. They are usually related to HPV 2.

A type of wart that mainly affects the soles of the feet, commonly caused by HPV 1.

A common type of wart that typically grows on the face and legs, related to HPV 3.

A condition where the skin becomes itchy, red, and inflamed. It is common in children and can affect any area of the body, but often appears on the elbows and knees.

Tiny bumps that appear on the skin, especially on the arms. They are caused by thickened hair follicles and are common in people with atopic dermatitis.

Dark lines under the eyes that can be a sign of atopic dermatitis.

Areas of lighter skin that can appear on the cheeks, often due to atopic dermatitis.

A treatment for head lice that involves applying a liquid insecticide to the scalp.

These policies prohibit children with visible head lice from attending school. This can create a practical problem, as head lice are often difficult to eradicate completely.

A common treatment option for head lice that can be used to kill live lice, when permethrin is ineffective.

A skin condition characterized by small, rough bumps, typically on the upper arms, thighs, and cheeks.

A skin condition characterized by patches of lighter skin, often with a slightly scaly texture.

A rare disorder that causes inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis), resulting in a purple rash, abdominal pain, and sometimes kidney problems.

A symptom of HSP characterized by small, raised, purple spots on the skin, often on the legs and buttocks.

A potential complication of HSP that can lead to kidney failure, sometimes months or years after the initial symptoms.

A common treatment for HSP that aims to reduce inflammation and pain.

HSP predominantly affects blood vessels, but can manifest with symptoms in different parts of the body. For example, a rash indicates skin vessel involvement, abdominal pain means digestive system vasculitis, and blood in urine signifies kidney vessel inflammation.

Although HSP can be triggered by infections or medications, many cases have no identifiable cause.

A viral illness characterized by a high fever followed by a rash that appears as the fever subsides. It is caused by human herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV6 and HHV7).

A viral illness known for its distinctive "slapped cheek" rash, caused by parvovirus B19. The rash typically occurs on the cheeks and may spread to the body with a lacy appearance.

A viral disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), characterized by itchy, fluid-filled blisters that appear in clusters. It is often called "chickenpox."

These viruses have a preference for attacking and infecting cells of the lymphatic system.

This means that after the initial infection, the virus remains dormant but can reactivate later under certain circumstances.

The rash typically occurs when the body produces antibodies (IgG) against the virus. It's a sign of the immune system fighting back.

Fifth Disease can mimic the symptoms of lupus, a chronic autoimmune disorder, but blood tests will help distinguish between the two, as lupus patients will have a positive ANA (antinuclear antibody) test.

This refers to the ability of a virus to have a preference for attacking a certain type of cell, in this case, the cells that produce red blood cells. This can lead to anemia in individuals with weakened bone marrow, such as those with sickle cell disease.

A type of virus that causes chickenpox and shingles.

The period between exposure to the virus and the appearance of initial symptoms.

The spread of a virus from the initial infection site to other parts of the body through the bloodstream.

The primary symptom of head lice, due to hypersensitivity to their saliva or waste.

The primary mode of transmission for head lice, involving direct contact between heads.

Objects that can carry and transmit infectious organisms, such as combs, brushes, and hats.