Timeline History of Science and Technology in the Philippines

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Questions and Answers

What type of tools did early Filipinos first create around 50,000 to 40,000 B.C.?

Wooden tools

Stone flakes (correct)

Metal tools

Ceramic tools

Which type of pottery became prominent in the Philippines around 2,000 B.C.?

Porcelain

Terracotta

Stoneware

Earthenware (correct)

What industry emerged between the 2nd/3rd B.C. and the 10th A.D.?

Iron industry (correct)

Cotton weaving

Glass making

Ceramic industry

What agricultural innovation was notable in the Cordilleras during the 1st Century A.D.?

Terrace fields Signup and view all the answers

What type of boats were crafted by Filipinos in the 10th Century A.D.?

Caracoa Signup and view all the answers

Which country significantly impacted the Filipino pottery industry after 2000 B.C.?

China Signup and view all the answers

What type of ornaments were common in Filipino craftsmanship in the 1st Century A.D.?

Glass ornaments Signup and view all the answers

Which areas were involved in regular trade connections by the 10th Century A.D.?

Mindanao and China Signup and view all the answers

What year was the University of the Philippines established?

1908 Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the scholarships granted after the establishment of the University of the Philippines?

To prepare students for public service jobs Signup and view all the answers

What did Act No. 2076, enacted in 1917, recognize about private schools?

They are educational institutions, not commercial ventures. Signup and view all the answers

Who headed the comprehensive investigation of the educational system in 1925?

Paul Monroe Signup and view all the answers

What major change in education occurred during the establishment of the Universidad Literaria de Filipinas?

It provided secular, state-supported higher education. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily facilitated the modernization of the agricultural sector in the Philippines during the Spanish regime?

Entry of foreign capital and technology. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant finding of the Monroe Survey conducted in 1925?

Private schools often had more part-time than full-time faculty members. Signup and view all the answers

Which professions were the most developed science-based professions during the Spanish regime?

Medicine and pharmacy. Signup and view all the answers

What was created in 1933 to promote scientific research in the Philippines?

National Research Council of the Philippine Islands Signup and view all the answers

What was NOT a focus of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands during the 1934 Constitutional Convention?

Linking education with colonial economic strategy Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main reasons for the failure of native industries, like weaving, to compete with foreign imports?

Lack of technology advancement in local industries. Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Philippine Commission play in education from 1901 to 1907?

It provided for the establishment of schools offering free primary education. Signup and view all the answers

During the American rule, how were educational policies viewed in relation to economic strategy?

Completely independent of economic strategy Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific studies were conducted under Jesuit scientists in the Philippines?

Meteorological, seismological, and astronomical studies. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant characteristic of the educational policy from 1908 to 1911 under colonial authorities?

Adoption of coordinated policies for higher education in sciences. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to scientific technology during the short time of the Philippine Republic from 1898 to 1900?

It experienced very little development. Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant impact of reduccion during the Spanish regime in the Philippines?

Establishment of centralized political control Signup and view all the answers

What were the main challenges faced by the colonial education system in the Philippines during the Spanish regime?

Limited access to education for the elite only Signup and view all the answers

What academic program was introduced by the 19th century in the Philippines?

Bachiller en Artes (Arts) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Galleon trade affect agriculture and industries in the Philippines?

It ultimately led to the decline of agriculture and native industries Signup and view all the answers

What was a common consequence Filipinos faced due to the implementation of reduccion?

Decline in agricultural production and traditional crafts Signup and view all the answers

In what way did religious orders influence education in the Philippines?

They facilitated the establishment of colonial education systems Signup and view all the answers

During what period were technical and vocational schools established in the Philippines?

1565 - 1813 C.E. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key limitations of the colonial education system in the early stages?

A lack of instructional materials and resources Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main criticisms noted by the U.S. Economic Survey Mission regarding Philippine industries?

Limited basic information available to industries Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was established to promote science consciousness among the people?

Science Foundation of the Philippines Signup and view all the answers

What was identified as a significant cause of the decline in Philippine science?

Lack of government support Signup and view all the answers

What role was designated to the Institute of Nutrition?

Conduct research, advisory, and extension functions Signup and view all the answers

What year was the Science Act, which created the National Science Development Board, enacted?

1958 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason for the deterioration of Philippine science?

Surplus of qualified scientists Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the National Science Development Board (NSDB)?

Formulate policies for science development Signup and view all the answers

Which group had a relatively low proportion mentioned in the report?

Individuals in medical and natural sciences Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Precolonial Period

Early Filipinos possessed rudimentary knowledge of science and technology for basic needs.
Stone tools and weapons were developed around 50,000 to 40,000 B.C. in Palawan and Batangas.
By 3,000 B.C., Filipinos produced adzes, seashell ornaments, and varied pottery designs.
Pottery manufacture flourished around 2,000 B.C. but declined due to competition from Chinese porcelain.
From the 2nd/3rd century B.C. to 10th A.D., an iron industry emerged, although it succumbed to external competition.
1st Century A.D. saw advancements in weaving, iron smelting, pottery, and agriculture; notable terrace fields constructed in the Cordilleras.
In the 10th Century A.D., sophisticated boat technology developed, particularly the plank-built "Caracoa" for coastal trade.
Trade networks were established connecting the Philippines to regions like Vietnam, China, and Borneo.

Spanish Regime

1521 marked the beginning of Spanish control, leading to "reduccion," creating towns and a centralized local government.
The reduction resulted in socio-economic strain and decline in traditional crafts and agriculture.
The Spanish established a colonial education system, promoting scientific research but initially limiting access.
By the 19th century, higher education courses including arts and technical schools emerged.
The Galleon trade (1565-1813) contributed minimally to local development, negatively impacting agriculture and native industries.
Jesuit scientists conducted important studies on meteorology, seismology, and astronomy, yet agriculture dominated the economy by the end of the Spanish regime.
Limited support for native industries led to their decline, while medicine and pharmacy flourished as prominent science-based professions.

First Republic and American Regime

The First Philippine Republic (1898-1900) saw minimal scientific advancement.
In 1898, a secular educational system was initiated, founding the Universidad Literaria de Filipinas to teach law, medicine, and pharmacy.
The Philippine Commission (1901-1907) established free primary education with English as the medium of instruction.
The University of the Philippines was created in 1908, promoting higher education in sciences and establishing government research institutions.
A significant investigation (1925) by Paul Monroe highlighted deficiencies in private schools, indicating a reliance on part-time faculty.
The National Research Council of the Philippine Islands (1933) aimed to promote scientific research, influencing the 1934 Constitutional Convention.

Science and Technology Developments Post-American Rule

Educational policies were not aligned with colonial economic strategies, resulting in low proportions of graduates in agriculture, medical, and engineering fields.
By 1950, a U.S. Economic Survey highlighted a lack of basic industrial information and scientific research funding.
The Science Foundation of the Philippines was established in 1952 to foster research in science and engineering.
Issues cited in 1957 included government neglect, insufficient scientist training, and low public awareness of science.
The Science Act of 1958 aimed to formalize policies for scientific development, leading to the creation of the National Science Development Board (NSDB).

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Description

Discover the evolution of science and technology in the Philippines from precolonial times through various regimes including Spanish and American. This quiz explores significant milestones and developments in Philippine history, as highlighted in Olivia C. Coli's article. Test your knowledge on how these changes shaped the nation's progress in different eras.