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Questions and Answers
What type of tools did early Filipinos first create around 50,000 to 40,000 B.C.?
What type of tools did early Filipinos first create around 50,000 to 40,000 B.C.?
- Wooden tools
- Stone flakes (correct)
- Metal tools
- Ceramic tools
Which type of pottery became prominent in the Philippines around 2,000 B.C.?
Which type of pottery became prominent in the Philippines around 2,000 B.C.?
- Porcelain
- Terracotta
- Stoneware
- Earthenware (correct)
What industry emerged between the 2nd/3rd B.C. and the 10th A.D.?
What industry emerged between the 2nd/3rd B.C. and the 10th A.D.?
- Iron industry (correct)
- Cotton weaving
- Glass making
- Ceramic industry
What agricultural innovation was notable in the Cordilleras during the 1st Century A.D.?
What agricultural innovation was notable in the Cordilleras during the 1st Century A.D.?
What type of boats were crafted by Filipinos in the 10th Century A.D.?
What type of boats were crafted by Filipinos in the 10th Century A.D.?
Which country significantly impacted the Filipino pottery industry after 2000 B.C.?
Which country significantly impacted the Filipino pottery industry after 2000 B.C.?
What type of ornaments were common in Filipino craftsmanship in the 1st Century A.D.?
What type of ornaments were common in Filipino craftsmanship in the 1st Century A.D.?
Which areas were involved in regular trade connections by the 10th Century A.D.?
Which areas were involved in regular trade connections by the 10th Century A.D.?
What year was the University of the Philippines established?
What year was the University of the Philippines established?
What was the primary purpose of the scholarships granted after the establishment of the University of the Philippines?
What was the primary purpose of the scholarships granted after the establishment of the University of the Philippines?
What did Act No. 2076, enacted in 1917, recognize about private schools?
What did Act No. 2076, enacted in 1917, recognize about private schools?
Who headed the comprehensive investigation of the educational system in 1925?
Who headed the comprehensive investigation of the educational system in 1925?
What major change in education occurred during the establishment of the Universidad Literaria de Filipinas?
What major change in education occurred during the establishment of the Universidad Literaria de Filipinas?
What primarily facilitated the modernization of the agricultural sector in the Philippines during the Spanish regime?
What primarily facilitated the modernization of the agricultural sector in the Philippines during the Spanish regime?
What was a significant finding of the Monroe Survey conducted in 1925?
What was a significant finding of the Monroe Survey conducted in 1925?
Which professions were the most developed science-based professions during the Spanish regime?
Which professions were the most developed science-based professions during the Spanish regime?
What was created in 1933 to promote scientific research in the Philippines?
What was created in 1933 to promote scientific research in the Philippines?
What was NOT a focus of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands during the 1934 Constitutional Convention?
What was NOT a focus of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands during the 1934 Constitutional Convention?
What was one of the main reasons for the failure of native industries, like weaving, to compete with foreign imports?
What was one of the main reasons for the failure of native industries, like weaving, to compete with foreign imports?
What role did the Philippine Commission play in education from 1901 to 1907?
What role did the Philippine Commission play in education from 1901 to 1907?
During the American rule, how were educational policies viewed in relation to economic strategy?
During the American rule, how were educational policies viewed in relation to economic strategy?
Which scientific studies were conducted under Jesuit scientists in the Philippines?
Which scientific studies were conducted under Jesuit scientists in the Philippines?
What was a significant characteristic of the educational policy from 1908 to 1911 under colonial authorities?
What was a significant characteristic of the educational policy from 1908 to 1911 under colonial authorities?
What happened to scientific technology during the short time of the Philippine Republic from 1898 to 1900?
What happened to scientific technology during the short time of the Philippine Republic from 1898 to 1900?
What was one significant impact of reduccion during the Spanish regime in the Philippines?
What was one significant impact of reduccion during the Spanish regime in the Philippines?
What were the main challenges faced by the colonial education system in the Philippines during the Spanish regime?
What were the main challenges faced by the colonial education system in the Philippines during the Spanish regime?
What academic program was introduced by the 19th century in the Philippines?
What academic program was introduced by the 19th century in the Philippines?
How did the Galleon trade affect agriculture and industries in the Philippines?
How did the Galleon trade affect agriculture and industries in the Philippines?
What was a common consequence Filipinos faced due to the implementation of reduccion?
What was a common consequence Filipinos faced due to the implementation of reduccion?
In what way did religious orders influence education in the Philippines?
In what way did religious orders influence education in the Philippines?
During what period were technical and vocational schools established in the Philippines?
During what period were technical and vocational schools established in the Philippines?
What was one of the key limitations of the colonial education system in the early stages?
What was one of the key limitations of the colonial education system in the early stages?
What was one of the main criticisms noted by the U.S. Economic Survey Mission regarding Philippine industries?
What was one of the main criticisms noted by the U.S. Economic Survey Mission regarding Philippine industries?
Which organization was established to promote science consciousness among the people?
Which organization was established to promote science consciousness among the people?
What was identified as a significant cause of the decline in Philippine science?
What was identified as a significant cause of the decline in Philippine science?
What role was designated to the Institute of Nutrition?
What role was designated to the Institute of Nutrition?
What year was the Science Act, which created the National Science Development Board, enacted?
What year was the Science Act, which created the National Science Development Board, enacted?
Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason for the deterioration of Philippine science?
Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason for the deterioration of Philippine science?
What was the main purpose of the National Science Development Board (NSDB)?
What was the main purpose of the National Science Development Board (NSDB)?
Which group had a relatively low proportion mentioned in the report?
Which group had a relatively low proportion mentioned in the report?
Flashcards
Precolonial S&T
Precolonial S&T
Early Filipinos had basic science and tech skills for survival.
Stone tools/weapons
Stone tools/weapons
Developed in Palawan & Batangas around 50,000 to 40,000 B.C.
3,000 B.C. crafts
3,000 B.C. crafts
Seashell ornaments and varied pottery designs.
Pottery Manufacturing
Pottery Manufacturing
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Iron Industry
Iron Industry
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1st Century A.D. Tech
1st Century A.D. Tech
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Cordillera Terraces
Cordillera Terraces
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"Caracoa" Boats
"Caracoa" Boats
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Trade Networks
Trade Networks
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Spanish Colonization
Spanish Colonization
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Impact of Reduccion
Impact of Reduccion
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Colonial Education
Colonial Education
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Galleon Trade
Galleon Trade
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Jesuit Scientists
Jesuit Scientists
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Native industries decline
Native industries decline
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First Republic S&T
First Republic S&T
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1898 Education Reform
1898 Education Reform
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Philippine Commission
Philippine Commission
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University of the Philippines
University of the Philippines
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National Research Council
National Research Council
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Misaligned Education
Misaligned Education
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1950 U.S. Survey
1950 U.S. Survey
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Science Foundation
Science Foundation
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1957 S&T Issues
1957 S&T Issues
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Science Act of 1958
Science Act of 1958
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NSDB Creation
NSDB Creation
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Study Notes
Precolonial Period
- Early Filipinos possessed rudimentary knowledge of science and technology for basic needs.
- Stone tools and weapons were developed around 50,000 to 40,000 B.C. in Palawan and Batangas.
- By 3,000 B.C., Filipinos produced adzes, seashell ornaments, and varied pottery designs.
- Pottery manufacture flourished around 2,000 B.C. but declined due to competition from Chinese porcelain.
- From the 2nd/3rd century B.C. to 10th A.D., an iron industry emerged, although it succumbed to external competition.
- 1st Century A.D. saw advancements in weaving, iron smelting, pottery, and agriculture; notable terrace fields constructed in the Cordilleras.
- In the 10th Century A.D., sophisticated boat technology developed, particularly the plank-built "Caracoa" for coastal trade.
- Trade networks were established connecting the Philippines to regions like Vietnam, China, and Borneo.
Spanish Regime
- 1521 marked the beginning of Spanish control, leading to "reduccion," creating towns and a centralized local government.
- The reduction resulted in socio-economic strain and decline in traditional crafts and agriculture.
- The Spanish established a colonial education system, promoting scientific research but initially limiting access.
- By the 19th century, higher education courses including arts and technical schools emerged.
- The Galleon trade (1565-1813) contributed minimally to local development, negatively impacting agriculture and native industries.
- Jesuit scientists conducted important studies on meteorology, seismology, and astronomy, yet agriculture dominated the economy by the end of the Spanish regime.
- Limited support for native industries led to their decline, while medicine and pharmacy flourished as prominent science-based professions.
First Republic and American Regime
- The First Philippine Republic (1898-1900) saw minimal scientific advancement.
- In 1898, a secular educational system was initiated, founding the Universidad Literaria de Filipinas to teach law, medicine, and pharmacy.
- The Philippine Commission (1901-1907) established free primary education with English as the medium of instruction.
- The University of the Philippines was created in 1908, promoting higher education in sciences and establishing government research institutions.
- A significant investigation (1925) by Paul Monroe highlighted deficiencies in private schools, indicating a reliance on part-time faculty.
- The National Research Council of the Philippine Islands (1933) aimed to promote scientific research, influencing the 1934 Constitutional Convention.
Science and Technology Developments Post-American Rule
- Educational policies were not aligned with colonial economic strategies, resulting in low proportions of graduates in agriculture, medical, and engineering fields.
- By 1950, a U.S. Economic Survey highlighted a lack of basic industrial information and scientific research funding.
- The Science Foundation of the Philippines was established in 1952 to foster research in science and engineering.
- Issues cited in 1957 included government neglect, insufficient scientist training, and low public awareness of science.
- The Science Act of 1958 aimed to formalize policies for scientific development, leading to the creation of the National Science Development Board (NSDB).
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