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Questions and Answers
What was Beringia?
What was Beringia?
The Iroquois primarily relied on hunting and gathering with little agriculture involved.
The Iroquois primarily relied on hunting and gathering with little agriculture involved.
False
What was the primary reason for European exploration during the Age of Discovery?
What was the primary reason for European exploration during the Age of Discovery?
God, Gold, and Glory
The spread of crops, diseases, people, and ideas between the Americas and Europe is known as the __________.
The spread of crops, diseases, people, and ideas between the Americas and Europe is known as the __________.
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Match the following Native American cultures with their notable characteristics:
Match the following Native American cultures with their notable characteristics:
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What was one major consequence of the Crusades?
What was one major consequence of the Crusades?
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The Encomienda system was a land grant system that justified Native slavery under Christianity.
The Encomienda system was a land grant system that justified Native slavery under Christianity.
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Who persuaded Isabella and Ferdinand to fund a voyage to the West in 1492?
Who persuaded Isabella and Ferdinand to fund a voyage to the West in 1492?
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Which act forbade colonial expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains?
Which act forbade colonial expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains?
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The Sons of Liberty encouraged colonists to buy British products as a form of protest.
The Sons of Liberty encouraged colonists to buy British products as a form of protest.
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What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga in the Revolutionary War?
What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga in the Revolutionary War?
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Thomas Paine wrote the pamphlet titled '____ ____' which argued for independence from Britain.
Thomas Paine wrote the pamphlet titled '____ ____' which argued for independence from Britain.
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Match the following events with their significance:
Match the following events with their significance:
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Which document first asserted that only elected representatives could impose taxes on the colonies?
Which document first asserted that only elected representatives could impose taxes on the colonies?
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The Articles of Confederation created a strong central government with a president.
The Articles of Confederation created a strong central government with a president.
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Who was the British commander during the failed attempt to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755?
Who was the British commander during the failed attempt to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755?
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The ____ Act imposed taxes on tea, lead, glass, and paint.
The ____ Act imposed taxes on tea, lead, glass, and paint.
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Which of the following was NOT a result of the French and Indian War?
Which of the following was NOT a result of the French and Indian War?
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Which conquistador is known for conquering the Aztecs?
Which conquistador is known for conquering the Aztecs?
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The Treaty of Tordesillas divided land between Spain and France.
The Treaty of Tordesillas divided land between Spain and France.
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What type of labor replaced indentured servants in the Southern colonies after 1676?
What type of labor replaced indentured servants in the Southern colonies after 1676?
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The __________ is known for being the first successful English colony in America.
The __________ is known for being the first successful English colony in America.
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Match the following historical figures with their contributions:
Match the following historical figures with their contributions:
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What was a major reason for Spanish colonization in the Americas?
What was a major reason for Spanish colonization in the Americas?
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The Pueblo Revolt successfully drove the Spanish settlers out of the Southwest permanently.
The Pueblo Revolt successfully drove the Spanish settlers out of the Southwest permanently.
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What was the main economic focus of French colonization?
What was the main economic focus of French colonization?
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The __________ was a religious revival movement in the 13 colonies during the 18th century.
The __________ was a religious revival movement in the 13 colonies during the 18th century.
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Match the colonial regions with their characteristics:
Match the colonial regions with their characteristics:
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Which event led to heightened tension between British colonists and Native Americans in 1675?
Which event led to heightened tension between British colonists and Native Americans in 1675?
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The House of Burgesses was the first elected assembly in colonial America, allowing all residents to vote.
The House of Burgesses was the first elected assembly in colonial America, allowing all residents to vote.
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Who was known for founding Quebec in 1608?
Who was known for founding Quebec in 1608?
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The economic policy that emphasized making money for the mother country through favorable balance of trade is known as __________.
The economic policy that emphasized making money for the mother country through favorable balance of trade is known as __________.
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Study Notes
Time Period 1: Pre-Columbian and Early European Contact
- Beringia: A land/ice bridge connecting Siberia and North America.
- American Indian Advancements: Developed maize cultivation (corn), irrigation systems (e.g., pueblos in the Rio Grande), permanent villages, and complex societies before European contact. Hunting and gathering decreased, and population increased.
- Native American Groups: Groups in the Great Plains and Great Basin relied on bison and sheep; those in the Northeast combined hunting/gathering and agriculture; those along the Mississippi River built large mounds (e.g., Cahokia); and Algonquian groups along the Atlantic seaboard practiced "Three Sisters" farming (corn, beans, squash).
- European Culture (Middle Ages-Reformation): Feudal societies, largely Christian, with social hierarchies; Crusades opened trade routes but weakened nobles, leading to monarchical strength; The Renaissance emphasized cultural awakening; Reformation led by Martin Luther sparked religious arguments; Technological advancements like the printing press (movable type) and caravel ships were key.
- Christopher Columbus: Sailed west in 1492, landing in the West Indies.
- Reasons for European Exploration: "God, Gold, and Glory" - spreading Christianity, seeking riches, and achieving fame.
- Columbian Exchange: The transfer of crops (potatoes, maize), diseases (devastating to native populations), people (slaves), and ideas between Europe and the Americas.
Time Period 1: European Colonization
- Encomienda System: A Spanish land grant system that justified Native American enslavement, claiming it was necessary for Christianizing them. Bartolomé de Las Casas advocated for their fair treatment.
- Conquistadors: Spanish conquerors like Hernán Cortés (Aztecs) and Francisco Pizarro (Incas) led to significant native populations.
- Spanish Exploration and Colonization: Included intermarriage, royal officials, a rigid caste system, and a focus on precious metals (gold and silver), and plantation agriculture (sugarcane).
- Interaction with Natives: Spanish colonization often involved the view of natives as uncivilized and the goal of converting them to Christianity. Natives were often enslaved, exploited, and their lives significantly impacted by disease.
- Portugal Colonization and Treaty of Tordesillas: Divided newly discovered territory between Spain and Portugal.
- French Colonization: Focused on trade (especially the fur trade) with Natives, often accepting intermarriage. Founded Quebec.
- Dutch Colonization: Established trade posts in New York.
- Pueblo Revolt (Pope's Rebellion): Native Americans revolted against Spanish religious and governmental suppression. It resulted in more accommodating Spanish policies toward natives
- Maroons: Escaped slaves.
Time Period 2: British Colonization
- Mercantilism: An economic system focusing on enriching the mother country through a favorable balance of trade (more exports than imports).
- Reasons for British Colonization: Competition with Spain, desire for resources (gold and silver), unemployment, and religious freedom (Puritans).
- British Colonies: Included Jamestown (first successful English colony, focusing on tobacco), Plymouth (Pilgrims), Massachusetts Bay Colony (Puritans), Chesapeake Bay colonies (Maryland, Virginia, tobacco and fishing), Pennsylvania (Quakers, religious freedom), Connecticut(first written constitution).
- Characteristics of British Colonies: New England: small towns, subsistence farming, mixed economy , higher life expectancy ; Middle Colonies: cereal crops (bread colonies), ship building; Southern Colonies: warm climate, cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo), plantations, and reliance on slave labor;
- Triangular Trade: Trade routes between Africa, the Americas, and Europe, involving enslaved people.
- Navigation Acts: Regulated colonial trade and required the colonies to trade primarily with Britain.
- Metacom's War: Conflict between British colonists and Native Americans (Wampanoag).
- Bacon's Rebellion: Virginian colonists' rebellion against the governor, partly a result of resentment towards the increasing use of enslaved Africans.
- Salem Witch Trials Massachusetts, period of mass hysteria and accusations involving witchcraft.
- First Great Awakening: Religious revival in the colonies emphasizing individualism and evangelicalism. Influential figures included Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield.
Time Period 3: The Road to Revolution
- French and Indian War: Conflict between Britain and France (and their respective Native American allies) over territory. The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended this, giving Britain control of much of North America.
- Proclamation Act of 1763: Restricted colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains, leading to tension between colonists and the British government.
- Taxation and British Policies: Britain imposed taxes like the Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Currency Act, and Quartering Act. This caused colonial resistance.
- Colonial Resistance: Led by groups like the Sons and Daughters of Liberty; colonial boycotts, protests, and acts of civil disobedience.
- Stamp Act Congress: A meeting of colonial representatives to protest the Stamp Act.
- Committees of Correspondence: Facilitated communication between the colonies, leading to greater unity and coordinated opposition to British policies.
- Townshend Acts: Imposed taxes on imported goods, sparking further colonial resentment and protest (Boston Massacre).
- Boston Tea Party: A colonial protest against the Tea Act.
- Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts): Punitive measures imposed by Britain in response to the Boston Tea Party.
- First Continental Congress: A meeting of colonial representatives to address grievances against British policies.
- Lexington and Concord: First armed conflict of the American Revolutionary War.
- Second Continental Congress: Established the Continental Army and eventually declared independence.
- Declaration of Independence: Document proclaiming the thirteen American Colonies free from British rule.
- American Revolution: War between the 13 colonies and Great Britain, resulting in American Independence.
- Important Battles: Bunker Hill, Long Island, Trenton, Valley Forge, Saratoga, Yorktown.
- Treaty of Paris (1783): Recognized the United States as an independent nation.
Time Period 3: Early Republic
- Articles of Confederation: First government of the newly independent United States, weak central authority.
- Northwest Ordinance: Established a process for admitting new states to the Union, and prohibited slavery in the new Northwest Territory.
- Shay's Rebellion: A rebellion of farmers in Massachusetts against economic hardship. High taxes, and foreclosures; showed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation.
- Constitutional Convention: Meeting that resulted in the creation of the U.S. Constitution.
- Constitution: Created a government with a stronger federal system and separation of powers, including an executive, judicial, and legislative branch.
- Great Compromise: A compromise between large and small states on representation in Congress.
- Changes after the War: Separation of Church and state, and Increased opportunities for women (republican motherhood), and development of republicanism.
- Impacts of the Revolution across the world: French Revolution, Haitian Revolution, Latin American Revolutions .
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Description
This quiz explores the significant developments and cultures of Native American groups before European contact, including agricultural advancements and societal structures. It also delves into European culture during the Middle Ages to the Reformation and the impact of the Crusades. Test your knowledge on these pivotal historical themes!
