Podcast
Questions and Answers
What operation involves the felling of standing trees and bucking them into logs?
What operation involves the felling of standing trees and bucking them into logs?
- Gathering
- Cutting (correct)
- Log preparation
- Transporting
During which historical period did logging operations see significant mechanization and the use of chainsaws?
During which historical period did logging operations see significant mechanization and the use of chainsaws?
- Pre-Spanish period
- Spanish period
- Commonwealth period
- American period (correct)
What was a major consequence of timber exploitation during the Japanese period?
What was a major consequence of timber exploitation during the Japanese period?
- Expansion of the logging market
- Increased mechanization of logging equipment
- Rampant forest destruction (correct)
- A shift to manual logging methods
What primary benefit does timber harvesting provide concerning employment?
What primary benefit does timber harvesting provide concerning employment?
What was a notable characteristic of the logging system during the Spanish period?
What was a notable characteristic of the logging system during the Spanish period?
Which timber harvesting activity involves the final movement of logs to their destination?
Which timber harvesting activity involves the final movement of logs to their destination?
Which logging period primarily adopted the American logging practices without improvement?
Which logging period primarily adopted the American logging practices without improvement?
What modern approach to logging is highlighted in the current situation of timber harvesting?
What modern approach to logging is highlighted in the current situation of timber harvesting?
Which timber harvesting method is best suited for challenging terrain?
Which timber harvesting method is best suited for challenging terrain?
What is a key characteristic of shortwood systems in timber harvesting?
What is a key characteristic of shortwood systems in timber harvesting?
Which silvicultural system involves cutting all trees in a designated area at once?
Which silvicultural system involves cutting all trees in a designated area at once?
What is required before timber can be harvested from forest lands?
What is required before timber can be harvested from forest lands?
In terms of log preparation methods, what characterizes tree-length systems?
In terms of log preparation methods, what characterizes tree-length systems?
Which harvesting system is most environmentally impactful due to extensive land clearing?
Which harvesting system is most environmentally impactful due to extensive land clearing?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of shortwood systems?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of shortwood systems?
What aspect of timber harvesting does logging planning focus on?
What aspect of timber harvesting does logging planning focus on?
What term describes a vertical split in a tree caused by insufficient undercutting?
What term describes a vertical split in a tree caused by insufficient undercutting?
Which of the following describes the area of ground surface covered by tree stems at one inch above the soil?
Which of the following describes the area of ground surface covered by tree stems at one inch above the soil?
What does the term 'bastard-sawn' refer to?
What does the term 'bastard-sawn' refer to?
What is a 'beam' in the context of timber?
What is a 'beam' in the context of timber?
Which operation involves leveling or cushioning the path for a falling tree?
Which operation involves leveling or cushioning the path for a falling tree?
What does a 'board foot' measure?
What does a 'board foot' measure?
Which term refers to a cutting supervisor in logging operations?
Which term refers to a cutting supervisor in logging operations?
What does 'bucking' refer to in logging?
What does 'bucking' refer to in logging?
What is the impact of defect on a cutting operation?
What is the impact of defect on a cutting operation?
What is the primary function of dogs in logging?
What is the primary function of dogs in logging?
Which of the following best describes the function of a donkey in logging?
Which of the following best describes the function of a donkey in logging?
What does the term 'drag in' refer to in the logging process?
What does the term 'drag in' refer to in the logging process?
What is the purpose of a double-action shear in logging?
What is the purpose of a double-action shear in logging?
What does the term 'corner' refer to in timber felling?
What does the term 'corner' refer to in timber felling?
What is a 'cull' in the context of timber?
What is a 'cull' in the context of timber?
What is meant by the 'cutting cycle' in logging operations?
What is meant by the 'cutting cycle' in logging operations?
What is the primary function of a Bull Block?
What is the primary function of a Bull Block?
What is meant by the term 'Clearcutting' in forestry?
What is meant by the term 'Clearcutting' in forestry?
What does the term 'Butt Swell' refer to in tree terminology?
What does the term 'Butt Swell' refer to in tree terminology?
What is the function of the Carriage in logging operations?
What is the function of the Carriage in logging operations?
What is a Bummer used for in forestry?
What is a Bummer used for in forestry?
Which of the following best defines a Choker?
Which of the following best defines a Choker?
What does the term 'Bunk' refer to in log transportation?
What does the term 'Bunk' refer to in log transportation?
Which of the following options defines 'Bushel' in timber work?
Which of the following options defines 'Bushel' in timber work?
Study Notes
Timber Harvesting Overview
- Cutting: Felling standing trees and bucking them into logs.
- Gathering: Minor transportation of logs from stumpsite to landing using skidding or yarding techniques.
- Transporting: Major transportation involving loading logs onto trucks for haul to mills.
Historical Background
- Pre-Spanish Period: Use of axes and carabaos for skidding logs, predating 1521.
- Spanish Period (1521-1898): Limited innovations; increased demand due to shipbuilding.
- American Period (1898-1935): Mechanization introduced; chainsaws, tractors, and cable logging became common.
- Commonwealth Period (1935-1945): Continued using American logging methods without significant improvements.
- Japanese Period (1941-1945): Intense timber exploitation; detrimental effects on forests due to war.
- Present Situation (1946-present): Adoption of mechanized, systematic logging, focusing on sustainable practices.
Importance of Timber Harvesting
- Major source of revenue and stable employment.
- Supports growth in allied industries, including equipment manufacturing.
- Enhances transportation and communication infrastructure.
- Facilitates community settlement and improves social conditions.
Major Activities in Timber Harvesting
- Felling: Cutting trees to allow them to fall.
- Log Preparation: Prepping logs prior to processing.
- Minor Transportation: Initial movement to a temporary area.
- Major Transportation: Final movement to the mill.
Subsidiary Activities
- Development of road transport networks.
- Logging planning, scheduling, and monitoring harvesting operations.
Types of Timber Harvesting by Extraction Mode
- Tractor Logging: Utilizes tractors to pull logs from the forest.
- Highlead Logging: Suitable for steeper terrains, employing a highlead system.
Harvesting Systems by Log Preparation
- Short Wood Systems: Trees are processed into lengths directly at the stump.
- Tree-Length Systems: Trees are felled, delimbed, and topped before transportation.
- Full-Tree Systems: Entire trees are moved without initial processing.
Timber Harvesting by Silvicultural System
- Clearcutting: Removal of all trees in an area.
- Selective Cutting: Only certain trees are harvested.
- Shelterwood and Seed Tree Cutting: Techniques that involve creating conditions for new growth.
Regulations and Inventory
- Timber Inventory Program: Conducted by the Bureau for assessing harvestable timber and young trees.
- Required Inventory: No timber harvesting allowed without a minimum 5% inventory completed five years prior to licensing.
Shortwood and Tree-Length Systems
- Shortwood Systems: Less adverse site impact but cannot support heavy loads on steep slopes.
- Tree-Length Systems: Trees are processed at the stump, with considerations for "barber chair" and "basal area" defects.
Definitions and Terms
- Barber Chair: A defect caused by improper cutting technique.
- Board Foot: Measurement unit for timber; one board foot equals one square foot at an inch thick.
- Butt Swell: Increased diameter at the base of a tree.
- Culls: Non-merchantable trees/logs due to defects.
Logging Techniques and Equipment
- Choker: Wire rope noose used to attach logs for skidding.
- Donkey Engine: Portable engine used in logging for hauling.
- Directional Felling: Felling trees in a designated direction to control falling.
- Bucking: Cutting felled trees into smaller logs or bolts.
Defects and Operational Considerations
- Defect Impact: Affects volume usable timber, costs, and safety.
- Cutting Cycle: Interval planning for major felling operations in the same area.
These notes provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of timber harvesting processes, historical context, regulatory frameworks, and important terminology.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz reviewer covers essential concepts in timber harvesting, including techniques for cutting, gathering, and transporting logs. It also provides historical insights into the practices used during the pre-Spanish period. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in forestry operations.
