Timber Framing Load Paths Quiz

AS 1684.2-2010: Residential Timber-Framed Construction

• AS 1684.2-2010 is an Australian Standard that provides procedures for designing and constructing timber-framed buildings in non-cyclonic areas.

• The Standard was prepared by Committee TM-002, Timber Framing, and was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 21 December 2009.

• The Standard was published on 21 June 2010 and is periodically reviewed and amended to reflect progress in science, technology, and systems.

• The Standard provides detailed design, bracing, and connection procedures for wind classifications N1 to N4.

• The design gust wind speed and wind classification must be established prior to using the Standard (see Clause 1.4.2).

• A CD-ROM with Supplements 0-15 is attached to the Standard, providing detailed information on wind classifications and stress grades for timber-framed construction.

• The Standard does not preclude the use of framing, fastening, or bracing methods or materials other than those specified.

• Alternatives may be used, provided they satisfy the requirements of the Building Code of Australia.

• The terms "normative" and "informative" have been used in the Standard to define the application of the appendix to which they apply.

• The Standard includes adjustments to the span table values in the Supplements for stress grades MGP 10, MGP 12, and MGP 15 in response to changes to the design characteristic values for these stress grades in AS 1720.1.

• The objective of the Standard is to provide the building industry with procedures that can be used to determine building practice, to design or check construction details, and to determine member sizes, and bracing and fixing requirements for timber-framed construction in non-cyclonic areas.

• The Standard aims to incorporate the outcomes of recent research projects that considered the role and function of wall noggings and alternative simplified tie-down systems for higher wind areas, using ring beam construction methods, and to include information on generic building practices for engineered wood products.AS 1684.2-2010: Australian Standard for Residential Timber-Framed Construction

• The standard specifies building practices and requirements for the construction of timber-framed Class 1 and Class 10 buildings, including alterations and additions.

• The standard provides building practices and procedures for the correct selection, placement, and fixing of structural elements to minimize the risk of adverse effects on the structure's performance.

• The standard can also be applicable to the design and construction of other classes of buildings within the limitations of this standard.

• The span tables in the Supplements are an integral part of this standard and shall be used in conjunction with it.

• The standard references several normative documents, including AS 1170 Structural design actions, AS 4055 Wind loads for housing, and AS/NZS 1170 Structural design actions.

• The criteria specified in this standard are specifically for conventional timber-framed buildings and applicable to single- and two-storey constructions built within the limits or parameters given in Clauses 1.4.2 to 1.4.10 and Figure 1.1.

• The maximum width of a building shall be 16,000 mm, excluding eaves, and the maximum wall height shall be 3000 mm.

• The maximum roof pitch shall be 35°, and the spacing of bracing elements shall not exceed 9000 mm.

• Roof construction shall be hip, gable, skillion, cathedral, trussed, or pitched, or in any combination of these.

• The member sizes, bracing, and connection details are suitable for construction of design category H1 and H2 domestic structures in accordance with AS 1170.4.

• All pressures, loads, forces, and capacities given in this standard are based on limit state design.

• The standard does not provide specifications for unreinforced masonry construction subject to earthquake loads.Design Standards for Timber-Framed Buildings

• The design of framing members for timber-framed buildings must consider wind forces and load combinations specified in AS 1684.1, and account for forces indicated in Figure 1.2.

• The effects of snow loads up to 0.2 kPa on member sizes, bracing, and connection details must also be accommodated in the design.

• Buildings must be designed to withstand various forces, including racking, overturning, sliding, and uplift, as summarized in Figure 1.3.

• Load paths for roof loads must be transferred directly through the timber frame to the footings, and limitations apply to the support of point loads and use of offsets and cantilevers in floor framing.

• Structural timber used in accordance with this standard must have appropriate durability, depending on climate and expected service life and conditions, and must be treated with preservative if not adequately protected from ground contact or weather exposure.

• Timber dimensions are stated by depth followed by breadth, and alternative dimensions for seasoned, unseasoned, and Western Australian hardwood timber are provided in Table 1.3.

• The minimum bearing for specific framing members must be as given in the Span Tables of the Supplements, and reduced bearing area may only be used with additional fixings.

• Structural timber used must be stress-graded in accordance with the relevant Australian Standard, and identified in respect of stress grade.

• Fabricated components, such as glued-laminated timber members and laminated veneer lumber, may be used where their design is in accordance with AS 1720.1 and the relevant Australian Standards, subject to the approval of the regulatory authority.

• Metal used in structural timber connections must be provided with corrosion protection appropriate for particular conditions of use, and the minimum corrosion protection for metal straps and framing anchors is Z 275.

• The design of the structural timber framework should be based on the preliminary location and extent of bracing and tie-down systems, and individual member sizes determined systematically.

• Interpolation must be made in accordance with Appendix C, and the terminology and definitions given in Section 2 used in conjunction with the requirements of this Standard.AS 1684.2-2010: Framing Members and Load Width Standards for Roof and Wall Construction

• AS 1684.2-2010 provides standards for framing members in gable, hip and valley, scotch valley, cathedral, and skillion roof constructions.

• The standards include guidelines for vertical and stud lamination, and horizontal nail lamination for wall plates.

• Vertical nail lamination is allowed for larger section sizes in the Span Tables of the Supplements using thinner and readily available seasoned timber laminations of the same timber type and stress grade.

• Studs supporting concentrations of load may use two or more laminations of the same timber type, stress grade, and moisture content condition to achieve the required size, provided that the achieved width is at least that of the nominated size.

• Wall plates made up of more than one section shall be horizontally nail-laminated using two 75 mm nails for plates up to 38 mm deep, or two 90 mm nails for plates up to 50 mm deep.

• Load width, along with other geometric descriptors such as spacing, defines the area of load that a member is required to support.

• Floor load width (FLW), ceiling load width (CLW), and roof load width (RLW) are used to define the amount of load imparted onto a member.

• FLW is used as an input to Span Tables in the Supplements for all bearers and lower storey wall-framing members.

• CLW is used as an input to Span Tables for hanging beams, counter beams, and strutting/hanging beams.

• RLW is used as an input to the relevant wall framing and substructure Span Tables.

• The supported load width and area are used to define the amount of load that is imparted onto a member, coupled with another geometric descriptor such as spacing.

• The area supported by a member is the contributory area.

AS 1684.2-2010: Residential Timber-Framed Construction

• AS 1684.2-2010 is an Australian Standard that provides procedures for designing and constructing timber-framed buildings in non-cyclonic areas.

• The Standard was prepared by Committee TM-002, Timber Framing, and was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 21 December 2009.

• The Standard was published on 21 June 2010 and is periodically reviewed and amended to reflect progress in science, technology, and systems.

• The Standard provides detailed design, bracing, and connection procedures for wind classifications N1 to N4.

• The design gust wind speed and wind classification must be established prior to using the Standard (see Clause 1.4.2).

• A CD-ROM with Supplements 0-15 is attached to the Standard, providing detailed information on wind classifications and stress grades for timber-framed construction.

• The Standard does not preclude the use of framing, fastening, or bracing methods or materials other than those specified.

• Alternatives may be used, provided they satisfy the requirements of the Building Code of Australia.

• The terms "normative" and "informative" have been used in the Standard to define the application of the appendix to which they apply.

• The Standard includes adjustments to the span table values in the Supplements for stress grades MGP 10, MGP 12, and MGP 15 in response to changes to the design characteristic values for these stress grades in AS 1720.1.

• The objective of the Standard is to provide the building industry with procedures that can be used to determine building practice, to design or check construction details, and to determine member sizes, and bracing and fixing requirements for timber-framed construction in non-cyclonic areas.

• The Standard aims to incorporate the outcomes of recent research projects that considered the role and function of wall noggings and alternative simplified tie-down systems for higher wind areas, using ring beam construction methods, and to include information on generic building practices for engineered wood products.AS 1684.2-2010: Australian Standard for Residential Timber-Framed Construction

• The standard specifies building practices and requirements for the construction of timber-framed Class 1 and Class 10 buildings, including alterations and additions.

• The standard provides building practices and procedures for the correct selection, placement, and fixing of structural elements to minimize the risk of adverse effects on the structure's performance.

• The standard can also be applicable to the design and construction of other classes of buildings within the limitations of this standard.

• The span tables in the Supplements are an integral part of this standard and shall be used in conjunction with it.

• The standard references several normative documents, including AS 1170 Structural design actions, AS 4055 Wind loads for housing, and AS/NZS 1170 Structural design actions.

• The criteria specified in this standard are specifically for conventional timber-framed buildings and applicable to single- and two-storey constructions built within the limits or parameters given in Clauses 1.4.2 to 1.4.10 and Figure 1.1.

• The maximum width of a building shall be 16,000 mm, excluding eaves, and the maximum wall height shall be 3000 mm.

• The maximum roof pitch shall be 35°, and the spacing of bracing elements shall not exceed 9000 mm.

• Roof construction shall be hip, gable, skillion, cathedral, trussed, or pitched, or in any combination of these.

• The member sizes, bracing, and connection details are suitable for construction of design category H1 and H2 domestic structures in accordance with AS 1170.4.

• All pressures, loads, forces, and capacities given in this standard are based on limit state design.

• The standard does not provide specifications for unreinforced masonry construction subject to earthquake loads.Design Standards for Timber-Framed Buildings

• The design of framing members for timber-framed buildings must consider wind forces and load combinations specified in AS 1684.1, and account for forces indicated in Figure 1.2.

• The effects of snow loads up to 0.2 kPa on member sizes, bracing, and connection details must also be accommodated in the design.

• Buildings must be designed to withstand various forces, including racking, overturning, sliding, and uplift, as summarized in Figure 1.3.

• Load paths for roof loads must be transferred directly through the timber frame to the footings, and limitations apply to the support of point loads and use of offsets and cantilevers in floor framing.

• Structural timber used in accordance with this standard must have appropriate durability, depending on climate and expected service life and conditions, and must be treated with preservative if not adequately protected from ground contact or weather exposure.

• Timber dimensions are stated by depth followed by breadth, and alternative dimensions for seasoned, unseasoned, and Western Australian hardwood timber are provided in Table 1.3.

• The minimum bearing for specific framing members must be as given in the Span Tables of the Supplements, and reduced bearing area may only be used with additional fixings.

• Structural timber used must be stress-graded in accordance with the relevant Australian Standard, and identified in respect of stress grade.

• Fabricated components, such as glued-laminated timber members and laminated veneer lumber, may be used where their design is in accordance with AS 1720.1 and the relevant Australian Standards, subject to the approval of the regulatory authority.

• Metal used in structural timber connections must be provided with corrosion protection appropriate for particular conditions of use, and the minimum corrosion protection for metal straps and framing anchors is Z 275.

• The design of the structural timber framework should be based on the preliminary location and extent of bracing and tie-down systems, and individual member sizes determined systematically.

• Interpolation must be made in accordance with Appendix C, and the terminology and definitions given in Section 2 used in conjunction with the requirements of this Standard.AS 1684.2-2010: Framing Members and Load Width Standards for Roof and Wall Construction

• AS 1684.2-2010 provides standards for framing members in gable, hip and valley, scotch valley, cathedral, and skillion roof constructions.

• The standards include guidelines for vertical and stud lamination, and horizontal nail lamination for wall plates.

• Vertical nail lamination is allowed for larger section sizes in the Span Tables of the Supplements using thinner and readily available seasoned timber laminations of the same timber type and stress grade.

• Studs supporting concentrations of load may use two or more laminations of the same timber type, stress grade, and moisture content condition to achieve the required size, provided that the achieved width is at least that of the nominated size.

• Wall plates made up of more than one section shall be horizontally nail-laminated using two 75 mm nails for plates up to 38 mm deep, or two 90 mm nails for plates up to 50 mm deep.

• Load width, along with other geometric descriptors such as spacing, defines the area of load that a member is required to support.

• Floor load width (FLW), ceiling load width (CLW), and roof load width (RLW) are used to define the amount of load imparted onto a member.

• FLW is used as an input to Span Tables in the Supplements for all bearers and lower storey wall-framing members.

• CLW is used as an input to Span Tables for hanging beams, counter beams, and strutting/hanging beams.

• RLW is used as an input to the relevant wall framing and substructure Span Tables.

• The supported load width and area are used to define the amount of load that is imparted onto a member, coupled with another geometric descriptor such as spacing.

• The area supported by a member is the contributory area.