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Questions and Answers
What is tillage?
What is tillage?
It is a mechanical manipulation of soil to provide favorable conditions for crop production.
What is one objective of tillage?
What is one objective of tillage?
What are the two classifications of tillage?
What are the two classifications of tillage?
What is primary tillage?
What is primary tillage?
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Which implement is primarily used for primary tillage?
Which implement is primarily used for primary tillage?
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What is secondary tillage?
What is secondary tillage?
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What is one type of ploughing?
What is one type of ploughing?
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The main implement for primary tillage is a ______.
The main implement for primary tillage is a ______.
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What is a 'furrow' in ploughing?
What is a 'furrow' in ploughing?
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Study Notes
Tillage: Definition and Objectives
- Mechanical soil manipulation to improve crop production conditions.
- Loosen soil to enable root penetration and spread.
- Objectives include seedbed preparation, increased humus and fertility (by covering vegetation), weed destruction, aeration, improved water absorption, pest control, and erosion reduction.
Tillage Classification: Primary and Secondary
- Primary Tillage: Initial major soil working operation; reduces soil strength, covers plant material, and rearranges aggregates. Implements can be tractor-drawn (e.g., mould-board plough, disc plough, subsoil plough, chisel plough) or animal-drawn (e.g., indigenous plough, mould-board plough). Opens up land to prepare a seedbed.
- Secondary Tillage: Follows primary tillage to create optimal soil tilth for seeding/planting. Lighter and finer operations, conditioning the soil. Implements include harrows, cultivators, levellers, and clod crushers. Generally done on the surface, with less soil inversion and power consumption than primary tillage. Aims to break clods, level the field surface, and mix crop residues with topsoil. Implements can be tractor-drawn or animal-drawn (e.g., harrows, cultivators, hoes).
Tillage Terminology
- Tool: Individual working element (e.g., disc or shovel).
- Implement: Equipment with few or no moving parts (e.g., harrow, plough).
- Machine: Combination of rigid bodies with defined motions performing useful work.
Ploughing: Types and Terminology
- Main implement for primary tillage. Cuts, breaks, and inverts soil (partially or completely). Makes soil suitable for sowing.
- Normal Ploughing: Up to 15 cm depth.
- Contour Ploughing: Along the contours of the land.
- Furrow: Trench formed by an implement.
- Furrow slice: Mass of soil cut, lifted, and thrown aside.
- Furrow wall: Undisturbed soil beside a furrow.
- Crown: Top of a turned furrow slice.
- Back furrow: Raised ridge in the center after ploughing from center to side.
- Dead furrow: Open trench between two ploughed strips.
- Headland: Unploughed strip at field ends for turning.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of tillage, including its objectives and the classification into primary and secondary tillage. Learn about different implements used for soil manipulation and their impact on crop production.
