TIL-I Test: Logic and Textual Reasoning

A researcher observes that students who study in groups tend to achieve higher grades. Which of the following is the most accurate conclusion that can be drawn from this observation?

If all squares are rectangles, and some rectangles are parallelograms, which of the following statements is definitely true?

A study finds that increased screen time correlates with decreased sleep quality. Considering potential confounding variables, which statement most accurately reflects a limitation of this finding?

Given the premise: 'If it rains, the ground is wet.' Which of the following inferences is logically valid?

A company claims that its new weight loss pill is 'scientifically proven' to help people lose weight. What further information would be MOST crucial to evaluate the validity of this claim?

If 'All A are B' and 'No C are B', which of the following conclusions necessarily follows?

A study shows a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and crime rates. What is the most logical explanation for this correlation?

Consider the statement: 'Anyone who is a doctor is intelligent.' Which of the following statements is the contrapositive of this statement?

A pharmaceutical company is testing a new drug designed to lower blood pressure. In a clinical trial, half of the participants receive the drug, and the other half receive a placebo. What is the MOST important reason for including a placebo group in this study?

If it is false that 'All cats are black', which of the following must be true?

An economist states that increasing taxes on the wealthy will lead to increased government revenue. What unstated assumption is MOST likely underlying this claim?

Given that 'If a plant is watered, it will grow,' which statement is logically equivalent?

A local government implements a new policy restricting the number of cars allowed in the city center. The stated goal is to reduce traffic congestion. What potential unintended consequence should the government anticipate?

If the statement 'Some politicians are honest' is true, which of the following statements must also be true?

A researcher discovers a new species of beetle that only feeds on a specific type of rare orchid. If the orchid becomes extinct, what is the MOST likely outcome for the beetle species?

Given the following premises: 'All artists are creative.' 'Some teachers are not creative.' What conclusion can be validly drawn?

A city implements a mandatory recycling program. Despite increased recycling rates, the amount of waste sent to landfills only decreases slightly. What factor might explain this result?

What is the negation of the statement, 'No students failed the exam'?

A company launches a new marketing campaign that features a celebrity endorsement. Sales increase significantly immediately after the campaign launch. What critical question should be asked before concluding that the campaign caused the increase in sales?

Determine the valid conclusion: 'If you are not happy, then you will not sing. You are singing.'

A government implements a policy aimed at reducing income inequality. However, after several years, income inequality remains unchanged. Which factor could MOST likely explain the policy's lack of success?

What is the logical negation of the statement: 'All swans are white'?

A new study claims that drinking coffee significantly reduces the risk of heart disease. Before widely accepting this claim, what potential bias should be MOST carefully considered?

Given these conditions: 'If I study, I will pass the test. I did not pass the test.' The valid conclusion is:

A city council implements a new zoning law that restricts the construction of new housing in established neighborhoods. What potential long-term consequence could arise from this policy?

What is the logically equivalent statement to: 'Only those who are brave deserve the fair'?

A study finds that students who use social media more frequently tend to have lower GPAs. What potential confounding variable could affect this correlation?

Given: 'If a number is divisible by 4, then it is divisible by 2.' Which is a valid deduction?

A government implements a new tax on sugary drinks, aiming to reduce sugar consumption and improve public health. What possible unintended consequence could undermine this policy?

What is the necessary conclusion from these statements: 'All roses are red. Some flowers are roses.'?

A company introduces a new technology that automates a significant portion of its manufacturing process. While productivity increases, many employees are laid off. What ethical consideration should the company MOST carefully address?

Which of the following is the logical negation of “If it is sunny, then I will go to the beach.”?

A city decides to build a new highway to alleviate traffic congestion. However, after the highway is completed, traffic congestion worsens. Which phenomenon is MOST likely contributing to this outcome?

From the statements 'All musicians love music' and 'John does not love music', it logically follows that:

A community implements a program to provide free meals to low-income students. While the program improves students' nutrition, their academic performance does not improve. What factor might explain this?

Select the statement that is logically equivalent to: 'You can have dessert only if you eat your vegetables.'

A company conducts a survey to gauge customer satisfaction. The survey results show that 95% of customers are 'very satisfied' with the company's products. However, the survey was only sent to customers who had previously given the company positive feedback. What bias is MOST likely present in this situation?