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Tides and Tidal Energy
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Tides and Tidal Energy

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Questions and Answers

During which type of tide do the celestial bodies produce tides having maximum tidal heights?

  • Flood tides
  • Neap tides
  • Spring tides (correct)
  • Ebb tides

    • What is the primary source of tidal energy?

  • Difference in water levels between high and low tides (correct)
  • Speed of tidal currents
  • Temperature of seawater
  • Salinity of seawater

    • What is the minimum tidal range required for the working of a tidal plant?

  • 15 metres
  • 10 metres
  • 5 metres (correct)
  • 3 metres

    • What is the purpose of sluiceways in a tidal power plant?

    <p>To control the flow of water into and out of the reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dam or dyke in a tidal power plant?

    <p>To form a barrier between the sea and the reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the operating mode of a tidal power plant where water flows through turbines both during high and low tides?

    <p>Two-way generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial consideration while selecting a site for a tidal power plant?

    <p>Minimum cost of dam construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a merit of tidal energy?

    <p>It is free from pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of tidal energy?

    <p>Its operation is uneven due to varying water heads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of double cycle system over single ebb cycle system?

    <p>Double cycle system generates power during both high and low tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of single basin system?

    <p>It has intermittent power output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of silt deposition in the basin?

    <p>It requires costly removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why continuous power generation is not possible in the single basin system?

    <p>The time taken to change from filling to emptying modes of the basin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum temperature difference required between the heat source and heat sink for an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) to effectively operate?

    <p>20°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following locations is the tidal power development in India suitable?

    <p>Gulf of Kutch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy utilized in ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the dam in a double basin power plant?

    <p>To separate the upper and lower basins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Lambert's law of absorption, what happens to the radiation intensity as it passes through ocean water?

    <p>It falls exponentially with the depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of open cycle OTEC plants?

    <p>Generation of mechanical work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of closed cycle OTEC plants over open cycle OTEC plants?

    <p>Compact size and lower cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of OTEC plants?

    <p>Low temperature difference between surface and deep water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of OTEC plants in terms of power supply?

    <p>Steady power supply without fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of the flash evaporator in open cycle OTEC plants?

    <p>To evaporate seawater at low pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge in designing closed cycle OTEC plants?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary maintenance task for an OTEC plant?

    <p>Removing algae growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique architectural requirement for an OTEC plant?

    <p>Being constructed on floats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential environmental impact of an OTEC plant on marine life?

    <p>Destruction of eggs, larvae, and fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do OTEC plants require large diameter and length pipes?

    <p>To reach cold water at great depths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential impact of an OTEC plant on the ecosystem?

    <p>Affecting coral reefs and ocean currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of releasing cold water into the surface environment?

    <p>Adverse effects on marine life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of the open cycle OTEC process?

    <p>Release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of positioning an OTEC plant at the shoreline?

    <p>Easy access to deep water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge associated with constructing an OTEC plant?

    <p>Installing equipment at great depths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an environmental concern related to OTEC plants?

    <p>Greenhouse effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the formation of high tides on the earth's surface?

    <p>The gravitational pull of the moon on the earth's surface water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate tidal range that can be used to generate electric power?

    <p>5-15 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of a lunar day, which is the time it takes for the moon to complete one rotation on its axis?

    <p>24 h and 5 min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times is the gravitational pull of the moon stronger than that of the sun?

    <p>2.2 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the solid earth being pulled away from the water surface by the moon's gravitational pull?

    <p>The formation of a high tide on the opposite side of the earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period of time after which a high tide due to the moon's gravitational pull is formed again at a particular place on the earth's surface?

    <p>12 h and 25 min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tides and Tidal Energy

    • Tides are produced by the gravitational attraction of the moon and sun acting on the rotating Earth.
    • The periodic rise and fall of the water level in the oceans creates a large amount of potential energy, which can be harnessed to generate electric power.
    • The tidal range, which is the difference in water level between high and low tides, can be used to drive turbines coupled with generators to generate electric power.

    Origin of Tides

    • The gravitational pulls of the moon and sun cause the formation of high and low tides.
    • The moon's gravitational pull is about 2.5 times stronger than the sun's.
    • The rotation of the Earth and the orbit of the moon result in the formation of two high tides and two low tides per day.

    Spring and Neap Tides

    • Spring tides occur when the Earth, sun, and moon are aligned, resulting in maximum tidal heights.
    • Neap tides occur when the sun and moon are perpendicular to the Earth, resulting in minimum tidal heights.
    • Spring and neap tides occur twice in a lunar month.

    Tidal Energy

    • Tidal energy is generated by harnessing the difference in water levels between high and low tides.
    • The potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy, which is used to drive turbines and generate electricity.
    • The minimum tidal range required for economic power production is 5 meters.

    Modes of Operation of Tidal Power Plants

    • Ebb generation: generate power during low tides by allowing water to flow out of the reservoir.
    • Flood generation: generate power during high tides by allowing water to flow into the reservoir.
    • Two-way generation: generate power during both high and low tides.
    • Pumping and turbining: use pumps to fill the reservoir during high tides and turbines to generate power during low tides.

    Components of Tidal Power Plants

    • Dam or dyke: forms a barrier between the sea and the reservoir.
    • Sluiceways: allow water to enter and exit the reservoir.
    • Powerhouse: contains turbines, generators, and other equipment.

    Feasibility of Tidal Power Plants

    • Factors affecting feasibility: tidal range, cost, shipping traffic, safety, and silt content.

    Merits and Limitations of Tidal Energy

    • Merits: free from pollution, inexhaustible, and can be used for fish farming.
    • Limitations: limited to suitable sites, transmission costs are high, operation is uneven, and construction is costly.

    Classification of Tidal Plants

    • Single basin system: uses one basin to store water.
    • Double basin system: uses two basins at different levels.

    Site Requirements

    • High tidal range, short length of dam, nearness to load location, protection from high waves, and no hindrance to shipping traffic.

    Tidal Power Development in India

    • Suitable sites: Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Khambhat, Sundarbans delta, Gulf of Cambay, and Pitts Creek.

    Ocean Thermal Energy

    • Created by solar energy absorbed by ocean water.
    • Temperature gradient between surface and deep water can be used to generate power.

    Working Principle of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

    • Uses a heat engine to convert heat into mechanical energy.
    • Requires a minimum temperature difference of 20°C between the surface and deep water.

    Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Systems

    • Open cycle: uses warm surface water to evaporate low-pressure steam.
    • Closed cycle: uses a low-boiling-point refrigerant to generate energy.

    Status of OTEC Plants

    • Many countries are actively involved in research and development of OTEC plants.
    • Examples of planned and launched plants: France, Japan, UK, Netherlands, and others.

    Merits and Demerits of OTEC Plants

    • Merits: steady power supply, no seasonal variation, and useful by-products.
    • Demerits: low efficiency, design and operation difficulties, and environmental impacts.

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    Description

    Learn about the concept of tides, how they are produced, and how tidal energy can be harnessed to generate electric power.

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