Minimum Tidal Range for Economical Power Generation Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is an important consideration in selecting a site for a tidal plant?

Enhancing fish farming

Ensuring safety from high wave action (correct)

Minimizing construction cost

Maximizing shipping traffic

What is a major advantage of tidal energy?

It is a non-renewable source of energy

It is not affected by weather variations

It requires a large land area

It is free from pollution (correct)

What is a limitation of tidal energy?

It is affected by lunar cycle (correct)

It is a continuous source of power

It is available everywhere

It requires minimal infrastructure

What is a characteristic of the single ebb cycle system?

It generates power during low tides Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of tidal energy?

The construction period is long and costly Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the double cycle system?

It uses reversible turbines Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature difference utilized in OTEC systems?

Between warm surface water and cold water at depths Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a flash evaporator in an open cycle OTEC plant?

To obtain low pressure steam from warm surface water Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of a closed cycle OTEC plant?

It is much compact in size and less costly Signup and view all the answers

What is a by-product of an OTEC plant?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of OTEC plants?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for transmitting power from an OTEC plant?

A long-distance cable to transmit power to shore Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of the earth's surface covered by oceans?

71% Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the high and low tide levels called?

Tidal range Signup and view all the answers

How many times stronger is the gravitational pull of the moon compared to the sun?

How often is a high tide formed at a place in the moon's rotation?

Twice a day Signup and view all the answers

What is the time period for the earth to complete one rotation around the sun?

24 h Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum tidal range required to drive a turbine coupled with a generator to generate electric power?

5-15 m Signup and view all the answers

When do spring tides occur?

When earth, sun, and moon are aligned during rotation Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum tidal range required for a tidal power plant to operate?

5 meters Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dam or dyke in a tidal power plant?

To form a barrier between the sea and the reservoir/basin Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of tidal energy?

The difference in water levels between high and low tides Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the powerhouse in a tidal power plant?

To house the turbines, electric generators, and other auxiliary equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of operation where the sea water is made to flow through the turbines into the reservoir during high tides?

Flood generation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason continuous power generation is not possible in the tidal power system?

It takes some time to change from filling to emptying modes of the basin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum temperature difference required for the heat engine to operate effectively in Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion?

20°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dam in the double basin tidal power plant?

To separate the upper and lower basins from the sea. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of the double basin tidal power plant?

It can use the energy of both high and low tides. Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of heat in the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion process?

The solar radiation absorbed by the ocean. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the water layers in the ocean that allows for the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion process to work?

The warm water stays at the top, and the cold water stays at the bottom of the ocean. Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary maintenance task for an OTEC plant?

Removing algae growth on a regular basis Signup and view all the answers

Why are large diameter pipes required for an OTEC plant at shoreline?

To handle large volumes of water Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential impact of an OTEC plant on the marine ecosystem?

Destruction of marine life due to water circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of releasing cold water into warmer surface environments?

Adverse effect on marine life Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential impact of an OTEC plant on the environment?

Releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

Why must an OTEC plant be constructed on floats?

To support the weight of the equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential impact of an OTEC plant on coral reefs?

Destruction of coral reefs Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of OTEC plants installed at shoreline?

They require large diameter pipes Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential impact of an OTEC plant on ocean currents?

Disruption of ocean currents Signup and view all the answers

Why must equipment be installed at a great depth in an OTEC plant?

To reach the cold water level Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tides and Tidal Energy

Tides are produced by the gravitational attraction of the moon and sun acting on the rotating Earth.
The periodic rise and fall of the water level in the oceans creates a large amount of potential energy, which can be harnessed to generate electric power.
The tidal range, which is the difference in water level between high and low tides, can be used to drive turbines coupled with generators to generate electric power.

Origin of Tides

The gravitational pulls of the moon and sun cause the formation of high and low tides.
The moon's gravitational pull is about 2.5 times stronger than the sun's.
The rotation of the Earth and the orbit of the moon result in the formation of two high tides and two low tides per day.

Spring and Neap Tides

Spring tides occur when the Earth, sun, and moon are aligned, resulting in maximum tidal heights.
Neap tides occur when the sun and moon are perpendicular to the Earth, resulting in minimum tidal heights.
Spring and neap tides occur twice in a lunar month.

Tidal Energy

Tidal energy is generated by harnessing the difference in water levels between high and low tides.
The potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy, which is used to drive turbines and generate electricity.
The minimum tidal range required for economic power production is 5 meters.

Modes of Operation of Tidal Power Plants

Ebb generation: generate power during low tides by allowing water to flow out of the reservoir.
Flood generation: generate power during high tides by allowing water to flow into the reservoir.
Two-way generation: generate power during both high and low tides.
Pumping and turbining: use pumps to fill the reservoir during high tides and turbines to generate power during low tides.

Components of Tidal Power Plants

Dam or dyke: forms a barrier between the sea and the reservoir.
Sluiceways: allow water to enter and exit the reservoir.
Powerhouse: contains turbines, generators, and other equipment.

Feasibility of Tidal Power Plants

Factors affecting feasibility: tidal range, cost, shipping traffic, safety, and silt content.

Merits and Limitations of Tidal Energy

Merits: free from pollution, inexhaustible, and can be used for fish farming.
Limitations: limited to suitable sites, transmission costs are high, operation is uneven, and construction is costly.

Classification of Tidal Plants

Single basin system: uses one basin to store water.
Double basin system: uses two basins at different levels.

Site Requirements

High tidal range, short length of dam, nearness to load location, protection from high waves, and no hindrance to shipping traffic.

Tidal Power Development in India

Suitable sites: Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Khambhat, Sundarbans delta, Gulf of Cambay, and Pitts Creek.

Ocean Thermal Energy

Created by solar energy absorbed by ocean water.
Temperature gradient between surface and deep water can be used to generate power.

Working Principle of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

Uses a heat engine to convert heat into mechanical energy.
Requires a minimum temperature difference of 20°C between the surface and deep water.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Systems

Open cycle: uses warm surface water to evaporate low-pressure steam.
Closed cycle: uses a low-boiling-point refrigerant to generate energy.

Status of OTEC Plants

Many countries are actively involved in research and development of OTEC plants.
Examples of planned and launched plants: France, Japan, UK, Netherlands, and others.

Merits and Demerits of OTEC Plants

Merits: steady power supply, no seasonal variation, and useful by-products.
Demerits: low efficiency, design and operation difficulties, and environmental impacts.

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Description

This quiz is about tidal power generation systems, including double basin power plants and their limitations. It covers the concept of tidal power generation and how it works.

Tidal Power Generation Systems

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