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Thyroid Hormones Biological Actions Quiz

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Thyroid Hormones Biological Actions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which nerve increases the formation of thyroid hormones?

Vagus nerve

Adrenal nerve

Parasympathetic nerve

Sympathetic nerve (correct)

Which gland secretes aldosterone, the principal mineralocorticoid?

Thyroid gland

Pituitary gland

Pancreas

Adrenal gland (correct)

What is the main effect of glucocorticoids secreted by the adrenal gland?

Increase in blood glucose concentration (correct)

Inhibition of gluconeogenesis

Reduction of glycogen storage in liver cells

Decrease in blood glucose concentration

Which layer of the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids?

Zona reticularis Signup and view all the answers

What effect does stimulation of gluconeogenesis by the liver cell have on glycogen storage?

Marked increase in glycogen storage Signup and view all the answers

How do glucocorticoids affect the response of cells to insulin?

Inhibit the response to insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of thyroid hormones T3 and T4?

Activate and initiate genetic transcription Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological level effect is seen with hyperthyroidism?

Enhances catabolism of protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of hypothyroidism on protein metabolism?

Promotes protein catabolism Signup and view all the answers

How do thyroid hormones affect carbohydrate metabolism?

Promote glycogenolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the calorigenic action of thyroid hormones on most tissues in the body?

Promote heat production and increase BMR Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on fat metabolism?

Promote fat decomposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) in the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis?

Stimulate the thyroid gland to grow and increase the number of thyroid cells Signup and view all the answers

What effect does TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) have on the anterior pituitary?

Triggers the production and release of TSH Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of insufficient dietary iodide on thyroid hormone production?

Elevated TSH secretion leading to abnormal growth of the thyroid Signup and view all the answers

How do large doses of iodide affect the thyroid gland's hormone synthesis?

Inhibit hormone synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of inhibitory proteins in the anterior pituitary related to thyroid hormone regulation?

Reduce TSH secretion Signup and view all the answers

How do cold temperatures and emotional reactions impact TRH secretion?

Increase TRH secretion Signup and view all the answers