18 Questions
Which nerve increases the formation of thyroid hormones?
Sympathetic nerve
Which gland secretes aldosterone, the principal mineralocorticoid?
Adrenal gland
What is the main effect of glucocorticoids secreted by the adrenal gland?
Increase in blood glucose concentration
Which layer of the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids?
Zona reticularis
What effect does stimulation of gluconeogenesis by the liver cell have on glycogen storage?
Marked increase in glycogen storage
How do glucocorticoids affect the response of cells to insulin?
Inhibit the response to insulin
What is the primary function of thyroid hormones T3 and T4?
Activate and initiate genetic transcription
Which physiological level effect is seen with hyperthyroidism?
Enhances catabolism of protein
What is the consequence of hypothyroidism on protein metabolism?
Promotes protein catabolism
How do thyroid hormones affect carbohydrate metabolism?
Promote glycogenolysis
What is the calorigenic action of thyroid hormones on most tissues in the body?
Promote heat production and increase BMR
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on fat metabolism?
Promote fat decomposition
What is the role of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) in the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis?
Stimulate the thyroid gland to grow and increase the number of thyroid cells
What effect does TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) have on the anterior pituitary?
Triggers the production and release of TSH
What is the consequence of insufficient dietary iodide on thyroid hormone production?
Elevated TSH secretion leading to abnormal growth of the thyroid
How do large doses of iodide affect the thyroid gland's hormone synthesis?
Inhibit hormone synthesis
What is the role of inhibitory proteins in the anterior pituitary related to thyroid hormone regulation?
Reduce TSH secretion
How do cold temperatures and emotional reactions impact TRH secretion?
Increase TRH secretion
Test your knowledge on the biological actions of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, including their role in genetic transcription, protein synthesis, and overall metabolic effects. Explore the calorigenic action of thyroid hormones and their impact on metabolism of protein, carbohydrate, and fat.
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