WK 10: Hormones and Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

What are the two broad systems that exist to communicate and coordinate body functions?

  • Endocrine system and Cardiovascular system
  • Immune system and Respiratory system
  • Neural system and Endocrine system (correct)
  • Muscular system and Skeletal system
  • Which hormone is responsible for redistributing energy sources (glucose, amino acids, lipids) and energy usage?

  • Thyroxine (T4)
  • Insulin
  • Cortisol (correct)
  • Adrenaline
  • What type of hormones are Insulin, Glucagon, and Angiotensin II categorized as?

  • Amino Acid Hormones
  • Peptides (correct)
  • Steroids
  • Amines
  • In the Endocrine system, which hormones are transported in the circulation to act on distant tissues?

    <p>Amino Acid Hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when hormones 'bind to specific receptors that have organ/tissue specific distributions'?

    <p>They have specificity in target cell response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is NOT mentioned in the list of Peptides in the Endocrine system?

    <p>Glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of thyroid hormones on gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hypothyroidism on serum glucose levels?

    <p>No effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of thyroid hormones on lipolysis?

    <p>Stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hypothyroidism on proteolysis?

    <p>Decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the action of catecholamines?

    <p>Increased sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Stimulates the release of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in females?

    <p>Stimulates the release of Estrogens and Progestins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) on metabolic rate?

    <p>They increase metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) exert their metabolic effects?

    <p>In the cytosol of cells, where T4 is converted to T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the negative feedback mechanism that regulates the release of Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)?

    <p>Feedback inhibition at the pituitary level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) are released into the systemic circulation?

    <p>Through the systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of catecholamine-H+ exchanger (VMAT1) in the synthesis of adrenaline?

    <p>Transports dopamine and norepinephrine into dense-core vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adrenaline on insulin secretion and glucagon secretion?

    <p>Inhibits insulin secretion and stimulates glucagon secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of PNMT in the synthesis of epinephrine?

    <p>Converts norepinephrine to epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cortisol on the synthesis of epinephrine?

    <p>Up-regulates PNMT to drive the synthesis of epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the response to adrenaline?

    <p>Increases the expression of beta-adrenoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of stress on the synthesis of epinephrine?

    <p>Amplifies the synthesis of epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates ovarian follicular cells to make estrogens and progestins?

    <p>GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target tissue of LH (Luteinizing Hormone)?

    <p>Ovarian follicular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to make testosterone?

    <p>GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of thyroid hormones in the body?

    <p>Muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metabolic effects is associated with T4 and T3?

    <p>Increased protein synthesis in muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of T4 and T3 on adipose tissue?

    <p>Mobilization of fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

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