WK 10: Hormones and Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

What are the two broad systems that exist to communicate and coordinate body functions?

  • Endocrine system and Cardiovascular system
  • Immune system and Respiratory system
  • Neural system and Endocrine system (correct)
  • Muscular system and Skeletal system

Which hormone is responsible for redistributing energy sources (glucose, amino acids, lipids) and energy usage?

  • Thyroxine (T4)
  • Insulin
  • Cortisol (correct)
  • Adrenaline

What type of hormones are Insulin, Glucagon, and Angiotensin II categorized as?

  • Amino Acid Hormones
  • Peptides (correct)
  • Steroids
  • Amines

In the Endocrine system, which hormones are transported in the circulation to act on distant tissues?

<p>Amino Acid Hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when hormones 'bind to specific receptors that have organ/tissue specific distributions'?

<p>They have specificity in target cell response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is NOT mentioned in the list of Peptides in the Endocrine system?

<p>Glucocorticoids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on gluconeogenesis?

<p>Increase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hypothyroidism on serum glucose levels?

<p>No effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on lipolysis?

<p>Stimulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hypothyroidism on proteolysis?

<p>Decrease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Stimulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the action of catecholamines?

<p>Increased sensitivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in the anterior pituitary?

<p>Stimulates the release of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in females?

<p>Stimulates the release of Estrogens and Progestins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) on metabolic rate?

<p>They increase metabolic rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) exert their metabolic effects?

<p>In the cytosol of cells, where T4 is converted to T3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the negative feedback mechanism that regulates the release of Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)?

<p>Feedback inhibition at the pituitary level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) are released into the systemic circulation?

<p>Through the systemic circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of catecholamine-H+ exchanger (VMAT1) in the synthesis of adrenaline?

<p>Transports dopamine and norepinephrine into dense-core vesicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adrenaline on insulin secretion and glucagon secretion?

<p>Inhibits insulin secretion and stimulates glucagon secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PNMT in the synthesis of epinephrine?

<p>Converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cortisol on the synthesis of epinephrine?

<p>Up-regulates PNMT to drive the synthesis of epinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the response to adrenaline?

<p>Increases the expression of beta-adrenoreceptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stress on the synthesis of epinephrine?

<p>Amplifies the synthesis of epinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates ovarian follicular cells to make estrogens and progestins?

<p>GnRH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target tissue of LH (Luteinizing Hormone)?

<p>Ovarian follicular cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to make testosterone?

<p>GnRH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of thyroid hormones in the body?

<p>Muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metabolic effects is associated with T4 and T3?

<p>Increased protein synthesis in muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of T4 and T3 on adipose tissue?

<p>Mobilization of fatty acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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