WK 10: Hormones and Metabolism

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What are the two broad systems that exist to communicate and coordinate body functions?

Endocrine system and Cardiovascular system

Immune system and Respiratory system

Neural system and Endocrine system (correct)

Muscular system and Skeletal system

Which hormone is responsible for redistributing energy sources (glucose, amino acids, lipids) and energy usage?

Thyroxine (T4)

Insulin

Cortisol (correct)

Adrenaline

What type of hormones are Insulin, Glucagon, and Angiotensin II categorized as?

Amino Acid Hormones

Peptides (correct)

Steroids

Amines

In the Endocrine system, which hormones are transported in the circulation to act on distant tissues?

Amino Acid Hormones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when hormones 'bind to specific receptors that have organ/tissue specific distributions'?

They have specificity in target cell response (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is NOT mentioned in the list of Peptides in the Endocrine system?

Glucocorticoids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on gluconeogenesis?

Increase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hypothyroidism on serum glucose levels?

No effect (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on lipolysis?

Stimulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hypothyroidism on proteolysis?

Decrease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the autonomic nervous system?

Stimulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the action of catecholamines?

Increased sensitivity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in the anterior pituitary?

Stimulates the release of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in females?

Stimulates the release of Estrogens and Progestins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) on metabolic rate?

They increase metabolic rate (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where do Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) exert their metabolic effects?

In the cytosol of cells, where T4 is converted to T3 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the negative feedback mechanism that regulates the release of Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)?

Feedback inhibition at the pituitary level (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) are released into the systemic circulation?

Through the systemic circulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of catecholamine-H+ exchanger (VMAT1) in the synthesis of adrenaline?

Transports dopamine and norepinephrine into dense-core vesicles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adrenaline on insulin secretion and glucagon secretion?

Inhibits insulin secretion and stimulates glucagon secretion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PNMT in the synthesis of epinephrine?

Converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cortisol on the synthesis of epinephrine?

Up-regulates PNMT to drive the synthesis of epinephrine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the response to adrenaline?

Increases the expression of beta-adrenoreceptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stress on the synthesis of epinephrine?

Amplifies the synthesis of epinephrine (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates ovarian follicular cells to make estrogens and progestins?

GnRH (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the target tissue of LH (Luteinizing Hormone)?

Ovarian follicular cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to make testosterone?

GnRH (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of thyroid hormones in the body?

Muscle (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metabolic effects is associated with T4 and T3?

Increased protein synthesis in muscle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of T4 and T3 on adipose tissue?

Mobilization of fatty acids (B) Signup and view all the answers