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Thyroid Hormones and Calcitonin

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following thyroid hormones is produced from thyroid follicles?

Calcitonin

3,3',5' triiodothyronine (rT3)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

3, 5, 3' triiodothyronine (T3) (correct)

What is the primary function of calcitonin?

Increasing intestinal absorption of calcium

Reducing blood calcium levels (correct)

Stimulating osteoclast activity

Regulating blood sugar levels

Which thyroid hormone is biologically inactive?

3, 5, 3', 5' tetraiodothyronine (T4)

3,3',5' triiodothyronine (rT3) (correct)

Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)

3, 5, 3' triiodothyronine (T3)

What is the number of amino acids in the calcitonin peptide hormone?

<p>32 amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are calcitonin-producing cells located in the thyroid gland?

<p>Parafollicular cells (C cells)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid gland produces two main hormones from thyroid follicles: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), with the chemical structure of 3, 5, 3', 5' tetraiodothyronine and 3, 5, 3' triiodothyronine, respectively.
The thyroid gland also secretes small amounts of biologically inactive reverse T3 (rT3), with a chemical structure of 3,3',5' triiodothyronine.

Calcitonin

Calcitonin is a 32-amino acid peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid.
Calcitonin reduces blood calcium levels through three mechanisms:
- Inhibiting osteoclast activity
- Inhibiting renal tubular reabsorption of calcium
- Inhibiting intestinal absorption of calcium