46 Questions
What are the two separate hormones produced by the thyroid gland?
T4 and T3
How many iodine atoms does T4 contain in each molecule?
Four
What is the major use of iodine in the body?
By the thyroid for synthesis of its hormones
Which hormones bind and transport T3 and T4?
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), transthyretin, and albumin
Where are thyroid hormones synthesized and stored bound to proteins?
In the cells of the thyroid gland
What is the major derangement in iodine deficiency?
Alteration of thyroid function
What is the composition of thyroid hormone?
T4 and T3
What is the function of calcitonin in normal thyroid function?
It is not mentioned in the text
How is iodide absorbed into the blood in the GI tract?
From the diet
What are the amino acids that contain iodine molecules bound to their structure in thyroid hormone?
T4 and T3
What is the normal range for serum free T4?
0.7 to 2.0 ng/dL (10 to 26 pmol/L)
Which method is the procedure of choice for monitoring the changes in T4 secretion during treatment for hyperthyroidism?
Dialysis method for measuring free T4
What percentage of T4 is bound to TBG?
70%
What is the recommended action by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) regarding routine screening of adults for thyroid disease?
Does not recommend routine screening of adults
What is the normal range for serum T3?
260 to 480 pg/dL (4.0 to 7.4 pmol/L)
What can interfere with accurate test results for T3 and T4 measurement?
Medications like oral contraceptives and corticosteroids
What is the main function of measuring TSH?
Distinguish subclinical thyroid disease from euthyroid states
What is the only metabolically active fraction of T4?
Free (unbound) thyroxine
What is the range of free T4 in serum?
0.7 to 2.0 ng/dL (10 to 26 pmol/L)
What is the main function of measuring serum T3 and T4?
Monitoring thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Which hormone is more potent, influencing metabolic processes, cell replication, brain development, and growth?
T3
What is the primary screening test for thyroid function?
Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Measurement
What is the term for normal thyroid hormone production, regulated by TRH and influenced by environmental factors?
Euthyroid
Which hormone regulates plasma calcium levels by increasing its deposition in bone?
Calcitonin
What are the symptoms often linked to in hyperthyroidism?
Increased response to circulating catecholamines
What leads to intellectual disability and stunted growth in children?
Congenital hypothyroidism
What are the assessment measures for thyroid function?
Palpation, auscultation, laboratory tests
Which diagnostic imaging techniques can be used to confirm the results of other diagnostic studies for thyroid function?
Ultrasound, CT, and MRI
What are widely used tests for thyroid function?
Serum immunoassay for TSH and free T4 levels
What should be considered for thyroid tests involving iodine?
Patient allergies to iodine or iodine-containing medications
What is the total number of iodine atoms in a molecule of T3?
3
Which proteins bind and transport both T3 and T4 in the bloodstream?
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), transthyretin, and albumin
What is the major use of iodine in the body?
Supporting thyroid function
What is the normal range for serum T3?
260 to 480 pg/dL (4.0 to 7.4 pmol/L)
What is the primary function of measuring serum T3 and T4?
To assess thyroid function and diagnose thyroid disorders
What is the recommended action by the American Thyroid Association regarding screening of pregnant women for thyroid disease?
Recommend screening for thyroid disease
What is the range of free T4 in serum?
0.7 to 2.0 ng/dL (10 to 26 pmol/L)
Which hormone regulates plasma calcium levels by increasing its deposition in bone?
Calcitonin
What leads to intellectual disability and stunted growth in children?
Congenital hypothyroidism
What is the primary screening test for thyroid function?
Serum immunoassay for TSH
Which hormone is more potent in influencing metabolic processes, cell replication, brain development, and growth?
$T_3$
What is the primary screening test for thyroid function?
Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Measurement
What is the function of calcitonin in normal thyroid function?
Regulates plasma calcium levels
What is the primary function of calcitonin in normal thyroid function?
Regulating plasma calcium levels by increasing its deposition in bone
Which hormone is more potent, influencing metabolic processes, cell replication, brain development, and growth?
$T3$
What are widely used tests for thyroid function?
Serum immunoassay for TSH and free T4 levels
Study Notes
Thyroid Hormone and Function Summary
- The thyroid gland efficiently takes up iodide from the blood and converts it into thyroid hormones, which are regulated by TSH through a negative feedback mechanism.
- Euthyroid refers to normal thyroid hormone production, regulated by TRH, and influenced by environmental factors such as temperature changes.
- Thyroid hormones control cellular metabolic activity, with T3 being more potent than T4, influencing metabolic processes, cell replication, brain development, and growth.
- Calcitonin, secreted by the thyroid gland, regulates plasma calcium levels by increasing its deposition in bone.
- Congenital hypothyroidism leads to intellectual disability and stunted growth, while hypothyroidism in adults leads to lethargy, weight gain, and slow body functions.
- Hyperthyroidism results in an increased metabolic rate, with symptoms often linked to increased response to circulating catecholamines and an enlarged thyroid gland or goiter.
- Assessment measures for thyroid function include palpation, auscultation, laboratory tests, thyroid scanning, biopsy, and ultrasonography.
- Serum immunoassay for TSH and free T4 levels are widely used tests for thyroid function, with free T4 levels correlating with metabolic status.
- Diagnostic imaging techniques like ultrasound, CT, and MRI can be used to confirm the results of other diagnostic studies.
- Thyroid tests involving iodine should consider patient allergies to iodine or iodine-containing medications, as well as medication use affecting thyroid function.
- Patients' previous reactions to iodine and shellfish should be determined for thyroid tests, as well as their use of iodine-containing medications and other medications affecting thyroid function.
- Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Measurement is the primary screening test for thyroid function.
Thyroid Hormone and Function Summary
- The thyroid gland efficiently takes up iodide from the blood and converts it into thyroid hormones, which are regulated by TSH through a negative feedback mechanism.
- Euthyroid refers to normal thyroid hormone production, regulated by TRH, and influenced by environmental factors such as temperature changes.
- Thyroid hormones control cellular metabolic activity, with T3 being more potent than T4, influencing metabolic processes, cell replication, brain development, and growth.
- Calcitonin, secreted by the thyroid gland, regulates plasma calcium levels by increasing its deposition in bone.
- Congenital hypothyroidism leads to intellectual disability and stunted growth, while hypothyroidism in adults leads to lethargy, weight gain, and slow body functions.
- Hyperthyroidism results in an increased metabolic rate, with symptoms often linked to increased response to circulating catecholamines and an enlarged thyroid gland or goiter.
- Assessment measures for thyroid function include palpation, auscultation, laboratory tests, thyroid scanning, biopsy, and ultrasonography.
- Serum immunoassay for TSH and free T4 levels are widely used tests for thyroid function, with free T4 levels correlating with metabolic status.
- Diagnostic imaging techniques like ultrasound, CT, and MRI can be used to confirm the results of other diagnostic studies.
- Thyroid tests involving iodine should consider patient allergies to iodine or iodine-containing medications, as well as medication use affecting thyroid function.
- Patients' previous reactions to iodine and shellfish should be determined for thyroid tests, as well as their use of iodine-containing medications and other medications affecting thyroid function.
- Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Measurement is the primary screening test for thyroid function.
Thyroid Hormone and Function Summary
- The thyroid gland efficiently takes up iodide from the blood and converts it into thyroid hormones, which are regulated by TSH through a negative feedback mechanism.
- Euthyroid refers to normal thyroid hormone production, regulated by TRH, and influenced by environmental factors such as temperature changes.
- Thyroid hormones control cellular metabolic activity, with T3 being more potent than T4, influencing metabolic processes, cell replication, brain development, and growth.
- Calcitonin, secreted by the thyroid gland, regulates plasma calcium levels by increasing its deposition in bone.
- Congenital hypothyroidism leads to intellectual disability and stunted growth, while hypothyroidism in adults leads to lethargy, weight gain, and slow body functions.
- Hyperthyroidism results in an increased metabolic rate, with symptoms often linked to increased response to circulating catecholamines and an enlarged thyroid gland or goiter.
- Assessment measures for thyroid function include palpation, auscultation, laboratory tests, thyroid scanning, biopsy, and ultrasonography.
- Serum immunoassay for TSH and free T4 levels are widely used tests for thyroid function, with free T4 levels correlating with metabolic status.
- Diagnostic imaging techniques like ultrasound, CT, and MRI can be used to confirm the results of other diagnostic studies.
- Thyroid tests involving iodine should consider patient allergies to iodine or iodine-containing medications, as well as medication use affecting thyroid function.
- Patients' previous reactions to iodine and shellfish should be determined for thyroid tests, as well as their use of iodine-containing medications and other medications affecting thyroid function.
- Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Measurement is the primary screening test for thyroid function.
Test your knowledge of thyroid hormone and function with this quiz. Explore topics such as thyroid hormone production, regulation, and its impact on metabolic activity. Learn about conditions like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, as well as assessment measures and diagnostic techniques for thyroid function.
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