Thyroid Gland Physiology Lecture 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the binding of iodine with thyroglobulin?

  • Thyroid deiodinase
  • Thyroid hormone receptor
  • Thyroid peroxidase (correct)
  • Iodinase

What is the approximate percentage of T4 bound to thyroxin binding globulin (TBG) in the circulation?

  • 40%
  • 70%
  • 80% (correct)
  • 90%

What is the half-life of T4 in the blood?

  • 3 days
  • 1 day
  • 12 days
  • 6 days (correct)

What is the main function of thyroid hormone receptor in the nucleus?

<p>To influence transcription of genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of most of T4 in the targeted tissues?

<p>It is deiodinated to T3 by iodinase enzyme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of free T4 in the circulation?

<p>0.03% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the thyroid gland located?

<p>Below the larynx on either sides and anterior to the trachea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of thyroid hormones is T4?

<p>90% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the iodide pump?

<p>To actively transport iodide into the thyroid gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the coupling of MIT and DIT?

<p>T3 and T4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enzyme responsible for the oxidation of iodide to iodine?

<p>Thyroid peroxidase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of administering a large amount of iodine on thyroid hormone levels?

<p>A decrease in thyroid hormone levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of T4 is converted to T3 before binding to the nuclear receptors?

<p>90% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on carbohydrate metabolism?

<p>Increase glucose uptake by the cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall effect of thyroid hormones on protein metabolism?

<p>Catabolic leading to a decrease in muscle mass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on peripheral resistance?

<p>Decrease peripheral resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on the heart rate?

<p>Increase heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thyroid hormones in the prenatal period?

<p>Essential for the maturation of the CNS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a decrease in thyroid hormone secretion on the central nervous system?

<p>Slow movement and impaired memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tripeptide in the regulation of hormone secretion?

<p>Releasing hormone that acts on the thyrotrophs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an increase in thyroid hormone secretion on the respiratory system?

<p>Increased dissociation of oxygen from Hb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the regulation of hormone secretion?

<p>Stimulates the release of TSH from the anterior pituitary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormone on bone?

<p>Promotes bone formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a lack of thyroid hormone secretion on the gastrointestinal system?

<p>Decreased digestive juice secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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