Thyroid Gland Function and Regulation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which hormones are key for normal thyroid function?

Thyroid hormone, calcitonin, and iodine (correct)

Insulin, glucagon, and cortisol

Adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine

Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

How many iodine atoms are present in each molecule of T4?

Five

Four (correct)

Three

Two

What are the three thyroid-binding hormones that bind and transport T3 and T4?

Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

Adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine

Insulin, glucagon, and cortisol

Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), transthyretin, and albumin (correct)

What is the major use of iodine in the body?

By the thyroid for synthesis of its hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for serum free T4?

0.7 to 2.0 ng/dL (10 to 26 pmol/L) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is the only metabolically active fraction of T4?

Serum free T4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for monitoring changes in T4 secretion during treatment for hyperthyroidism?

Measurement of free T4 by the dialysis method Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for serum T3?

260 to 480 pg/dL (4.0 to 7.4 pmol/L) Signup and view all the answers

What fraction of T4 is bound to TBG?

70% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of measuring TSH?

Detecting minute changes in serum TSH Signup and view all the answers

Which test is not affected by variations in protein binding?

Serum free T4 measurement by the dialysis method Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for differentiating between disorders of the thyroid gland itself and disorders of the pituitary or hypothalamus?

Serum TSH measurement Signup and view all the answers

What process is involved in the production of thyroid hormones?

Concentration of iodide from the blood involving tyrosine and iodine molecules Signup and view all the answers

What controls thyroid hormone secretion?

TSH from the anterior pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What does euthyroid refer to?

Normal thyroid hormone production regulated by TRH from the hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which thyroid hormone is more potent and has a rapid metabolic action?

T3 Signup and view all the answers

What does calcitonin, secreted by the thyroid gland, do?

Reduces plasma calcium levels by increasing its deposition in bone Signup and view all the answers

What are the manifestations of adult hypothyroidism?

Lethargy, weight gain, and slow body functions Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with hyperthyroidism?

Increased metabolic rate and an enlarged thyroid gland known as a goiter Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary screening test for thyroid function?

Measurement of serum TSH concentration Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when assessing thyroid function?

Allergies to iodine or shellfish and medications containing iodine Signup and view all the answers

What controls thyroid hormone production?

TRH from the hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of thyroid hormones on major organ systems and tissue function?

Influencing cell replication, brain development, and normal growth Signup and view all the answers

What does congenital hypothyroidism result in?

Intellectual disability and stunted growth Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Thyroid Gland Function and Regulation

The thyroid gland efficiently concentrates iodide from the blood to produce thyroid hormones through a process involving tyrosine and iodine molecules
Thyroid hormone secretion is controlled by TSH from the anterior pituitary gland through a negative feedback mechanism
Euthyroid refers to normal thyroid hormone production, regulated by TRH from the hypothalamus, influenced by environmental factors such as temperature changes
Thyroid hormones, T4 and T3, control cellular metabolic activity, with T3 being more potent and having a rapid metabolic action
Thyroid hormones affect cell replication, brain development, and normal growth, influencing major organ systems and tissue function
Calcitonin, secreted by the thyroid gland, reduces plasma calcium levels by increasing its deposition in bone
Congenital hypothyroidism results in intellectual disability and stunted growth, while adult hypothyroidism manifests as lethargy, weight gain, and slow body functions
Hyperthyroidism leads to an increased metabolic rate and is associated with an enlarged thyroid gland known as a goiter
Assessment of thyroid function involves diagnostic measures such as thyroid function tests, thyroid scanning, biopsy, and ultrasonography
Thyroid tests may involve the use of iodine, and patients should be asked about allergies to iodine or shellfish and medications containing iodine
Numerous medications may affect thyroid test results and should be documented in the patient’s electronic health record
The primary screening test for thyroid function is the measurement of serum TSH concentration

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Description

Test your knowledge of thyroid gland function and regulation with this quiz. Explore topics such as thyroid hormone production, feedback mechanisms, effects on metabolism and growth, thyroid disorders, diagnostic measures, and medication influences on thyroid tests.