Thyroid Gland Diseases: Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

To produce hormones that regulate various bodily functions

What is essential for the production of thyroid hormones?

Iodine

Where is the thyroid gland located?

In the neck, in front of the trachea

What would be the effect of iodine deficiency on thyroid hormone production?

Reduced production of thyroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

What are the two hormones produced by the thyroid gland?

Thyroid hormone and iodothyronine hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary therapeutic use of radioactive iodine?

To treat hyperthyroidism Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of decreased insulin production or cellular resistance to insulin?

Hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of blood glucose levels?

60-120 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pancreas in the metabolism of sugars and starches?

To secrete insulin and glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Insufficient insulin production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of hypothyroidism?

A decrease in the amount of thyroid hormones production and secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of taking synthetic thyroid hormones?

An increase in thyroid hormones levels in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of anti-thyroid drugs?

They decrease the production of thyroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of hyperthyroidism?

An increase in the amount of thyroid hormones production and secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse reaction of taking thyroid hormones?

Hyperthyroidism Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of application of testosterone hormone treatment?

Applied on the skin surface Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of male hormone treatment?

Insulin injection Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the authors of the reference book 'Core Concepts in Pharmacology'?

Holland, LM and Adams, MP Signup and view all the answers

Which publisher published the reference book 'Basic Pharmacology'?

McGraw-Hill Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the institution related to the email address '[email protected]'?

Cyberjaya University College of Technology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ovaries in the female reproductive system?

To produce eggs and secrete estrogen and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

During menopause, what happens to the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body?

They decrease dramatically Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of hormone replacement therapy in menopause?

To increase the circulating levels of sex hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of testosterone in the male reproductive system?

To regulate development and normal functioning of sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of reduced testosterone levels on the male body?

A decrease in sperm production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of estrogen in the female reproductive system?

To regulate development and normal functioning of eggs Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of decreased estrogen levels on the female body?

A decrease in menstrual cycles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of progesterone in the female reproductive system?

To prepare the uterus for implantation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of testes in the male reproductive system?

To produce sperm cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hormone replacement therapy on menopausal symptoms?

It removes all symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with diabetes are affected by Type II Diabetes Mellitus?

90-95% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

To help glucose enter muscle and fat cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of human insulin used therapeutically?

E. coli bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for developing Type II Diabetes Mellitus?

Family history Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using human insulin over insulin obtained from animal sources?

It causes fewer allergic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse reaction to anti-diabetic drugs?

Gastrointestinal upsets Signup and view all the answers

Which type of oral anti-diabetic drug stimulates cells of the pancreas to release more insulin?

Sulfonylureas Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Meglitinides on blood glucose levels?

Stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of hypoglycemia?

Numbness of extremities Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Thiazolidinediones?

Increases the insulin uptake into muscle and fat cells Signup and view all the answers