Thyroid Gland and Hyperthyroidism Diagnostics

Thyroid Gland

• The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones, including T3 and T4, and calcitonin.
• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) regulates the release of thyroid hormones.
• Calcitonin is released when calcium levels in the blood are high, promoting calcium deposition in bones.
• Iodine is an essential element for the production of thyroid hormones.

Hyperthyroidism Diagnostics

• Hyperthyroidism is diagnosed through various tests, including:
  • Low TSH levels: Indicative of thyroid overactivity.
  • Elevated T3 and T4 levels: Reflecting increased thyroid hormone production.
  • Elevated T3 resin uptake: Measures the ability of thyroid hormones to bind to proteins.
  • Elevated thyroid antibodies: Suggest an autoimmune cause for hyperthyroidism.
  • Elevated serum thyroglobulin: A protein produced by the thyroid gland.
  • Radioactive iodine uptake: Assesses the thyroid gland's ability to absorb iodine.
  • Fine needle biopsy: Used to examine thyroid tissue for abnormalities.
  • Thyroid scan: Visualizes the thyroid gland and its activity.

Hyperthyroidism Symptoms

• Physical Symptoms: These include soft skin, hypertension (high blood pressure), exophthalmos (bulging eyes), gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea, enlarged thyroid gland, increased body temperature, shakiness, a high basal metabolic rate (BMR), excessive sweating (diaphoresis), and weight loss.
  • The mnemonic SHE GETS HOT is used to remember the symptoms.
• Clinical Manifestations: These include nervousness, rapid pulse, heat intolerance, tremors, flushed skin, warm and moist complexion, and exophthalmos.
• Other Symptoms: Include increased appetite, weight loss, elevated systolic blood pressure, and cardiac dysrhythmias.

Nursing Implications

• Patients should take prescribed medications 30 minutes before meals to maximize absorption and efficacy.