Thyroid Gland and Hyperthyroidism Diagnostics

Thyroid Gland

• The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones, including T3 and T4, and calcitonin.
• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) regulates the release of thyroid hormones.
• Calcitonin is released when calcium levels in the blood are high, promoting calcium deposition in bones.
• Iodine is an essential element for the production of thyroid hormones.

Hyperthyroidism Diagnostics

• Hyperthyroidism is diagnosed through various tests, including:
  • Low TSH levels: Indicative of thyroid overactivity.
  • Elevated T3 and T4 levels: Reflecting increased thyroid hormone production.
  • Elevated T3 resin uptake: Measures the ability of thyroid hormones to bind to proteins.
  • Elevated thyroid antibodies: Suggest an autoimmune cause for hyperthyroidism.
  • Elevated serum thyroglobulin: A protein produced by the thyroid gland.
  • Radioactive iodine uptake: Assesses the thyroid gland's ability to absorb iodine.
  • Fine needle biopsy: Used to examine thyroid tissue for abnormalities.
  • Thyroid scan: Visualizes the thyroid gland and its activity.

Hyperthyroidism Symptoms

• Physical Symptoms: These include soft skin, hypertension (high blood pressure), exophthalmos (bulging eyes), gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea, enlarged thyroid gland, increased body temperature, shakiness, a high basal metabolic rate (BMR), excessive sweating (diaphoresis), and weight loss.
  • The mnemonic SHE GETS HOT is used to remember the symptoms.
• Clinical Manifestations: These include nervousness, rapid pulse, heat intolerance, tremors, flushed skin, warm and moist complexion, and exophthalmos.
• Other Symptoms: Include increased appetite, weight loss, elevated systolic blood pressure, and cardiac dysrhythmias.

Nursing Implications

• Patients should take prescribed medications 30 minutes before meals to maximize absorption and efficacy.

Explore the key functions of the thyroid gland and the diagnostics associated with hyperthyroidism. This quiz covers thyroid hormones, regulation mechanisms, and various tests for diagnosing thyroid disorders. Test your understanding of critical concepts related to thyroid health.