22 Questions
What is the main function of T3 in the body?
Control the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Where is T4 (Thyroxine) made exclusively in the body?
Thyroid gland
What is the ratio of T4 to T3 in the body?
5::1
Which gland has a positive effect on TSH production?
Pituitary gland
What does T4 convert into in peripheral tissues?
T3
What is the effect of thyroid hormones on muscle metabolism?
Increase ATP production
What is the primary function of ATP in the body?
Increase glucose uptake by the cells
What is the consequence of low thyroid hormones on electrolyte balance?
Hyponatremia
Which system does hyperthyroidism affect?
Cardiovascular system
In which condition does TSH high usually indicate?
Hypothyroidism
What does thyrotoxicosis refer to?
State of thyroid hormone excess
What is the effect of hyperthyroidism on the cardiovascular system?
Increases oxygen consumption
What is the primary role of ATP in muscle metabolism?
Modulate strength and velocity of contraction
How does hypothyroidism affect heart rate?
Reduces heart rate
'Graves disease' is associated with which symptom?
[Tachycardia; warm, moist skin; stare; tremor]
How does hyperthyroidism affect mood?
Mood modulation
What is the main purpose of the heart-lung machine (cardio-pulmonary bypass) in open heart surgery?
To create a bloodless and motionless field for easier anastomosis
Which surgical approach is mainly used in open heart surgery?
Median sternotomy
What is the primary indication for surgery in cases of end stage heart diseases and end stage lung diseases?
Heart-lung transplantation
In open heart surgery, how is the heart protected from ischemia during the operation?
By cardioplegic solution and local & systemic cooling
Which type of heart surgery involves a surgical procedure without the use of the heart-lung machine (cardio-pulmonary bypass)?
Beating heart surgery
What is the surgical procedure mainly used for correcting anomlies such as ASD, VSD, TOF, and TGA in congenital heart diseases?
Correction of anomlies eg.ASD-VSD-TOF-TGA
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and regulation of the thyroid gland, including its weight range, location, hormone production, and regulatory mechanisms such as the negative feedback axis. Explore the key aspects of T4 and T3 hormones and their ratios.
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