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Questions and Answers
What effect does calcitonin have on blood calcium levels?
What effect does calcitonin have on blood calcium levels?
What is a common cause of hyperthyroidism?
What is a common cause of hyperthyroidism?
Which condition is referred to as myxedema?
Which condition is referred to as myxedema?
How can hyperthyroidism be managed at the hormonal level?
How can hyperthyroidism be managed at the hormonal level?
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Which symptom is more likely to be associated with hyperthyroidism than hypothyroidism?
Which symptom is more likely to be associated with hyperthyroidism than hypothyroidism?
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What is one reason a person might have hypothyroidism?
What is one reason a person might have hypothyroidism?
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Which of the following is NOT a management strategy for thyroid storm?
Which of the following is NOT a management strategy for thyroid storm?
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What diagnostic procedure may indicate hyperthyroidism?
What diagnostic procedure may indicate hyperthyroidism?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign of thyroid eye disease?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of thyroid eye disease?
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What is the range for T3 (total) levels that indicate normalcy?
What is the range for T3 (total) levels that indicate normalcy?
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Which procedure uses a small amount of radioactive iodine to evaluate thyroid function?
Which procedure uses a small amount of radioactive iodine to evaluate thyroid function?
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What nursing diagnosis relates to altered bowel elimination in patients with hyperthyroidism?
What nursing diagnosis relates to altered bowel elimination in patients with hyperthyroidism?
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After which type of therapy will a patient require health teaching about complications?
After which type of therapy will a patient require health teaching about complications?
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What is a common nursing diagnosis related to a patient's knowledge deficit about their medical condition?
What is a common nursing diagnosis related to a patient's knowledge deficit about their medical condition?
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Which of the following management strategies is included in the medical management of hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following management strategies is included in the medical management of hyperthyroidism?
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What is the primary objective of preoperative assessments before thyroidectomy surgery?
What is the primary objective of preoperative assessments before thyroidectomy surgery?
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Which nursing diagnosis is directly related to a patient's perception of their body after weight loss?
Which nursing diagnosis is directly related to a patient's perception of their body after weight loss?
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What is one of the primary goals related to the patient's postoperative care?
What is one of the primary goals related to the patient's postoperative care?
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Which option represents a potential complication to monitor post-operatively?
Which option represents a potential complication to monitor post-operatively?
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What pre-operative teaching should be emphasized for a patient undergoing surgery?
What pre-operative teaching should be emphasized for a patient undergoing surgery?
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Why might a patient experience low self-esteem after surgery?
Why might a patient experience low self-esteem after surgery?
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Which nursing diagnosis indicates an immediate priority related to the surgical procedure?
Which nursing diagnosis indicates an immediate priority related to the surgical procedure?
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What complication should be monitored for due to potential surgical incision issues?
What complication should be monitored for due to potential surgical incision issues?
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Which of the following interventions addresses both physical and psychological aspects of postoperative care?
Which of the following interventions addresses both physical and psychological aspects of postoperative care?
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What should be done to assess for signs of hypocalcaemia in a patient?
What should be done to assess for signs of hypocalcaemia in a patient?
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Which position is recommended for a patient recovering from surgery to manage acute pain?
Which position is recommended for a patient recovering from surgery to manage acute pain?
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What should be monitored to ensure a patent airway clearance?
What should be monitored to ensure a patent airway clearance?
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How can a patient be assisted in preventing injury after surgery?
How can a patient be assisted in preventing injury after surgery?
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What is an appropriate action to facilitate effective communication in a patient?
What is an appropriate action to facilitate effective communication in a patient?
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What substance may be administered if a patient shows signs of hypocalcaemia?
What substance may be administered if a patient shows signs of hypocalcaemia?
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What should a caregiver monitor in a patient post-surgery to ensure effective airway clearance?
What should a caregiver monitor in a patient post-surgery to ensure effective airway clearance?
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Which of the following is a consideration when repositioning a patient to maintain a patent airway?
Which of the following is a consideration when repositioning a patient to maintain a patent airway?
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What nursing diagnosis is prioritized for a patient experiencing discomfort related to ineffective breathing patterns?
What nursing diagnosis is prioritized for a patient experiencing discomfort related to ineffective breathing patterns?
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Which of the following interventions is most appropriate to improve a patient's respiratory status?
Which of the following interventions is most appropriate to improve a patient's respiratory status?
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Which goal focuses on addressing bowel-related issues?
Which goal focuses on addressing bowel-related issues?
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What potential nursing diagnosis is associated with a patient at high risk for anxiety?
What potential nursing diagnosis is associated with a patient at high risk for anxiety?
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Which nursing intervention is critical for a patient with constipation to prevent abdominal pain?
Which nursing intervention is critical for a patient with constipation to prevent abdominal pain?
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Identifying strategies for weight reduction is specifically categorized under which nursing intervention?
Identifying strategies for weight reduction is specifically categorized under which nursing intervention?
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Which factor is crucial for nursing intervention related to follow-up visits?
Which factor is crucial for nursing intervention related to follow-up visits?
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What is the underlying concern when addressing a patient's disturbed body image?
What is the underlying concern when addressing a patient's disturbed body image?
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Study Notes
Thyroid Hormones and Calcium
- Calcitonin and PTH work together to regulate blood calcium levels
- Calcitonin promotes calcium storage in bones, PTH stimulates reabsorption in the kidneys
Thyroid Disorders
- Thyroid disorders occur when the thyroid gland produces excess or insufficient thyroid hormones
- Hyperthyroidism: Overactive thyroid, too much thyroid hormone
- Graves' disease (autoimmune disease)
- Overactive thyroid nodules (lumps in the thyroid, usually not cancerous)
- Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland)
- Hypothyroidism: Underactive thyroid, not enough thyroid hormone
- Hashimoto's disease (autoimmune disease)
- Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid)
- Surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid
- Pituitary gland tumor
- Radiation treatment of the thyroid
- Thyroid tumor
Signs and Symptoms
- Hyperthyroidism
- Increased heart rate
- Weight loss
- Nervousness
- Tremors
- Heat intolerance
- Enlarged thyroid gland
- Bulging eyes
- Hypothyroidism
- Fatigue
- Weight gain
- Cold intolerance
- Constipation
- Dry skin
- Hair loss
- Slowed heart rate
Hyperthyroidism Complications
- Thyroid storm (thyrotoxic crisis) - rare, potentially life-threatening, caused by untreated hyperthyroidism
- Management of Thyroid Storm:
- Block thyroid hormone synthesis (antithyroid drugs)
- Block thyroid hormone release (iodine)
- Block T4 conversion to T3 (propranolol, propylthiouracil [PTU])
- Block enterohepatic circulation (cholestyramine)
Hypothyroidism Complications
- Myxedema - medical emergency requiring immediate treatment
- Management of Myxedema:
- Thyroid hormone injections
- Glucocorticoid therapy
- Fluid replacement
Diagnostic Procedures
- Physical examination:
- Examine thyroid for enlargement or nodules
- Assess for signs of hyperthyroidism: fast heart rate, tremors, warm and moist skin
- Assess for signs of thyroid eye disease: eye redness, swelling, or bulging of the eyes
- Thyroid tests (T3, T4, and TSH):
- T3 (total): 70-204 ng/dl
- T4 (total): 5-11 ng/dl
- TSH: 0.4 -4.2 mIU/L
- Thyroid antibodies: help diagnose autoimmune thyroid disorders
- Ultrasound: Evaluate thyroid gland size and structure
- Thyroid scan: Uses radioactive iodine, assesses thyroid function and iodine uptake
Hyperthyroidism Management
- Medical Treatment:
- Anti-thyroid drugs: block thyroid hormone production
- Beta-blockers: help control symptoms like heart rate
- Radioactive Iodine Therapy (RAI): destroys thyroid tissue
- Surgical Treatment: Total or partial thyroidectomy
- Nursing Management:
- Preoperative: Assess, prepare for surgery, ensure informed consent
- Postoperative:
- Assessment: Vital signs, pain, incision, complications (laryngeal edema, hemorrhage, respiratory obstruction)
- Common Nursing Diagnoses: Ineffective airway clearance, insomnia, anxiety, disturbed body image
- Nursing Interventions: Monitor airway, manage pain, prevent injury, promote effective communication
- Health Teaching: Postoperative care instructions, wound care, activity restrictions, dietary modifications
Hypothyroidism Management
- Medical Treatment: Thyroid hormone replacement therapy (levothyroxine)
- Nursing Management:
- Assessment: Assess symptoms, monitor vital signs, assess for potential complications
- Common Nursing Diagnoses: Discomfort, abdominal pain, insomnia, disturbed body image, anxiety, low self-esteem, activity intolerance
- Nursing Interventions: Manage respiratory symptoms, control body temperature, promote rest, encourage weight reduction, ensure medication adherence
- Health Teaching: Emphasize medication compliance, follow-up appointments
General Nursing Considerations
- Prioritize nursing diagnoses based on ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
- Address patient’s psychosocial needs throughout care
- Encourage patient participation in their care plan
- Provide education and emotional support to patients and families
- Follow-up appointments are crucial for ongoing monitoring and management of thyroid disorders
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Description
Test your knowledge on thyroid hormones and disorders, including conditions like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and their respective symptoms. This quiz covers key aspects of calcitonin, PTH, and the regulatory roles they play in calcium levels as well. Prepare to evaluate your understanding of this essential endocrine topic!
