Thrombocytopenia Overview
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Questions and Answers

Qual e le disorder de plaquetas caracterisate per un deficit de plaquetas?

  • Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
  • Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) (correct)
  • Essential Thrombocythemia
  • Hemophilia A

    • Quale de le sequente non es un tipo de leucemia?

  • Hemophilia B (correct)
  • Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
  • Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
  • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

    • Qual e le disorder hereditari de globulos rojos caracterisate per forma spherical?

  • Hereditariu Spherocytosis (correct)
  • G6PD Deficiency
  • Polycythemia Vera
  • Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)

    • Quale disorder es causate per un deficit de facteur VIII?

    <p>Hemophilia A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale e un disorder de coagulation caracterisate per un problema in le interaction del factor von Willebrand?

    <p>Von Willebrand Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale reaction transfusionale es classifyate como reaction hemolytic?

    <p>Reaction hemolytique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale disorder de coagulazione puede esser causate per deficit de vitamina K?

    <p>Maladie hepatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale disorder es considerate como una disorder de marrow osse?

    <p>Anemia aplastica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es un tipo de transfusion de componente sanguinee?

    <p>Transfusion de trombocite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale condition es associat con le disorder de thrombophilia?

    <p>Mutation de prothrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un factor del International Prognostic Index (IPI)?

    <p>Idade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un typologia de linfoma non-Hodgkin (LNH) indolente?

    <p>Linfoma follicular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le trattamento tipic pro le linfomas agressive?

    <p>Chemioterapia CHOP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un complicato potential associato con le linfomas?

    <p>Fallimento de medulla ossea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual de iste opzione es fals pro le linfomas indolente?

    <p>Se treatmenta solo con chimioterapia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un symptom CRAB pro le myeloma multiplo?

    <p>Hypercalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le manera principal de assessar le involvement del medulla ossea?

    <p>Biopsia del medulla ossea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual medicamento es usate frequentemente in conjunction con chemioterapia pro le linfomas?

    <p>Rituximab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale associa se con le myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)?

    <p>Ineffective hematopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es un subtype del myelodysplastic syndromes?

    <p>MDS con dysplasia multilineage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quales son le symptomatologia commun de le MDS?

    <p>Eas bruise e fatiga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale diagnostic methodo se usa pro MDS?

    <p>Esame del sangue periferic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale terapia non es usualmente parte del behandeling pro MDS?

    <p>Chemioterapia intensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es un causa potential de MDS secundario?

    <p>Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale affliction hematologic es un rischio con MDS?

    <p>Leucemia acute myeloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es un exemplo de dysplasia in MDS?

    <p>Dysplasia myeloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es un signo de insufficienza cardiaca?

    <p>S3 gallop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que conditiones existe como factores de risco per insufficienza cardiaca?

    <p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un indicazione pro transfusione de globulos rubros (RBC)?

    <p>Anemia symptomatica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale de le sequente es un metodo de prevenition contra reacciones febril durante transfusiones?

    <p>Uso de sangue leucoreduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que debe esser monitorate durante transfusiones in pacientes at-risk?

    <p>Le statos de fluidos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es un trattamento appropriate pro reduzir sovraccaricos de fluidos?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es uno simptomate typic de anemia?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale es un methodo de diagnosis pro insufficienza cardiaca?

    <p>Radiographia de thorace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thrombocytopenia

    • Thrombocytopenia es un condition in que le numero de thrombocytes in le sanguine es troppo basse.
    • Thrombocytes es cellulas microscopic que adjuta in le coagulation del sanguine.
    • Tipos de thrombocytopenia include:
      • Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP): Un condition autoimmune in que le corpore attacca su proprie thrombocytes.
      • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP): Un condition rar in que thrombos se forma in le micre vasos sanguinee, resultante in thrombocytopenia e anemia hemolytique.
      • Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT): Un complication rare del therapia con heparin in que le corpore produce anticorpos contra thrombocytes, causante thrombocytopenia e un augmento del risco de thromboembolism.
      • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): Un condition in que le coagulation del sanguine se activa excessivemente, resultante in thrombocytopenia, anemia hemolytique, e frequentemente un augmento del risco de hemorrhage.

    Thrombocytosis

    • Thrombocytosis es un condition in que le numero de thrombocytes in le sanguine es troppo alte.
    • Tipos de thrombocytosis include:
      • Essential thrombocythemia: Un cancere del sanguine in que le corpore produce troppo thrombocytes.

    Qualitative Platelet Disorders

    • Qualitative platelet disorders es debilite del function de thrombocytes, non un decremento de su numero.
    • Types de platelet disorders include:
      • Bernard-Soulier syndrome: Un disordine rar causante un defecto in le receptor de von Willebrand factor (vWF), impediente le thrombocytes de adherer al vWF.
      • Glanzmann's thrombasthenia: Un disordine rar que causa un deficiencia del proteina integrin aIIb/aIIIa, un proteina essential pro le agglutination del thrombocytes.

    Hemophilia

    • Hemophilia es un disordine hereditari que causa un defect in le coagulation del sanguine, causante un aucamento del risco de hemorrhage.
    • Tipos de hemophilia include:
      • Hemophilia A: Un deficiencia del factor VIII de coagulation.
      • Hemophilia B: Un deficiencia del factor IX de coagulation.

    Von Willebrand Disease

    • Von Willebrand disease (VWD) es un disordine hereditari que causa un deficiencia del factor von Willebrand, un proteina importante pro le agglutination del thrombocytes e le stabilisation del factor VIII.
    • Tipos de VWD include:
      • Type 1: Le forma le plus commun, causante un reductio del nivello de vWF.
      • Type 2: Causa un defecto in le function de vWF.
      • Type 3: Un forma rare causante un deficiencia complete del vWF.

    Acquired Coagulation Disorders

    • Acquired coagulation disorders es disordines del coagulation del sanguine que non es hereditari ma es derivate de altere conditiones.
    • Tipos de coagulation disorders include:
      • Liver disease: Le fegato produce multe factores de coagulation, e un disfunction del fegato pote resultar in un reductio del production de iste factores.
      • Vitamin K deficiency: Vitamin K es essential pro le production de multe factores de coagulation.
      • Anticoagulant therapy (Warfarin, Heparin): Anticoagulantes es medicinas que impediente le coagulation del sanguine e pote resultar in un aucamento del risco de hemorrhage.

    Thrombophilia

    • Thrombophilia es un disordine del sanguine que causa un aucamento del risco de thromboembolism.
    • Tipos de thrombophilia include:
      • Factor V Leiden: Un mutation genetic que causa un resistentia al proteina C, un proteina que inhibe le coagulation del sanguine.
      • Prothrombin gene mutation: Un mutation genetic que aumenta le production del factor II (prothrombin), un factor de coagulation.
      • Antithrombin deficiency: Un disordine in que le corpore non produce adequate quantitates de antithrombin, un proteina que inhibe le coagulation del sanguine.
      • Protein C and S deficiency: Deficiencias del proteina C e S, ambos proteina que inhibe le coagulation del sanguine.
      • Antiphospholipid syndrome: Un condition autoimmune que produce anticorpos que attacca fosfolipidos, resultante in un aucamento del risco de thromboembolism.

    Aplastic Anemia

    • Aplastic anemia es un disordine del medullia ossee in que le medullia ossee non produce sufficient quantitates de cellulas sanguinee, includente thrombocytes.
    • Le causa es frequentemente incognite, ma es possibile que certe toxins, medicinas, o infectiones causa iste condition.
    • Le symptomas include fatigue, debilitate, pallidezza, e un aucamento del risco de infectiones e hemorrhage.
    • Le tractamento include le transplantation de medullia ossee.

    Leukemias

    • Leukemias es un cancere del sanguine in que le cellulas sanguinee se reproduce excessivemente, usualmente in le medullia ossee.
    • Le cellulas leucemic frequentemente non functiona correctemente e pote interferer con le function normal del cellulas sanguinee.
    • Tipos de leukemias:
      • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): Un cancere del cellulas lymphocytic immature.
      • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML): Un cancere del cellulas myeloid immature.
      • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): Un cancere del cellulas lymphocytic mature.
      • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): Un cancere del cellulas myeloid mature.

    Lymphomas

    • Lymphomas es un cancere del system lymphatic, un system de cellulas e organos que adjuta a defender le corpore contra infectiones.
    • Lymphomas pote devenir aggressive e se extender inter organos e tissues, frequentemente resultante in difficultas de respiration, dolor abdominal, o tumefactiones in le lymph nodos.
    • Tipos de lymphomas:
      • Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): Un forma aggressive de lymphoma que se extende rapidemente.
      • Follicular lymphoma: Un forma generalmente indolente de lymphoma, significante que le progreso del malaltia es lente.
      • Mantle cell lymphoma: Un forma aggressive de lymphoma que se extende rapidemente.
      • T-cell NHL: Un tipo de lymphoma non-Hodgkin que involve cellulas T.

    Multiple Myeloma

    • Multiple myeloma es un cancere del cellulas plasma, un tipo de cellula sanguinee que produce anticorpos.
    • Le cellulas myeloma frequentemente se reproduce excessivemente in le medullia ossee, resultante in un aucamento del production de anticorpos anormal e causante le destruction del osse.
    • Le symptomas include fatiga, dolor osse, e problemas renal.
    • Le tractamento involve quimioterapia, radiotherapie, e transplantation de medullia ossee.

    Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

    • Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) es un gruppo de disordines in que le medullia ossee non produce sufficient quantitates de cellulas sanguinee, includente thrombocytes.
    • Le cellulas sanguinee product per le medullia ossee es frequentemente anormal e non functiona correctemente, causante un aucamento del risco de infectiones e hemorrhage.
    • Le MDS pote progredir verso le leukemia.
    • Le tractamento include supportive therapy (e.g., transfusiones sanguinee, antibiotics) e le uso de drogas pro stimula le production de sanguine (e.g., eritropoietina, G-CSF).

    Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

    • Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) es un gruppo de disordines in que le cellulas myeloid se reproduce excessivemente in le medullia ossee, causante le production excessive de cellulas sanguinee.
    • Le MPN pote causar thromboembolism, splenomegaly, e un aucamento del risco de progression verso altere canceres hematologic.
    • Le tractamento involve le usage de drogas pro reducer le production de cellulas sanguinee e le tractamento del symptomas.

    Transfusion Reactions

    • Transfusion reactions es complicationes pote occurrer durante o post un transfusion sanguinee.
    • Tipos de transfusion reactions include:
      • Hemolytic transfusion reactions: Un reaction immune que occurre quando le sanguine donat es incompatible con le sanguine del receptor.
      • Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions: Un reaction febris que occurre quando le corpore del receptor responde al cellulas bianche in le sanguine donat.
      • Allergic reactions: Un reaction allergic al proteina in le sanguine donat.
      • Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI): Un complication rar que causa un injuria al pulmones del receptor.
      • Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO): Un complication que occurre quando le corpore del receptor non pote tractar le volume de fluide in le sanguine donat, causante un overload de fluide in le circulation.

    Blood Component Therapy

    • Blood component therapy es le uso de componentes sanguinee specific pro le tractamento de varie disordines del sanguine.
    • Tipos de blood component therapy include:
      • Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion: Le uso de RBCs pro le tractamento de anemia.
      • Platelet transfusion: Le uso de thrombocytes pro le tractamento del thrombocytopenia.
      • Plasma transfusion: Le uso de plasma sanguinee pro le tractamento del disordines de coagulation.
      • Cryoprecipitate transfusion: Le uso de cryoprecipitate, un componente del plasma sanguinee que contine factor VIII e vWF, pro le tractamento del hemophilia A e VWD.

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    Description

    Este quiz explora le condition de thrombocytopenia, incluse su tipos e causas. Comprende discussion sobre immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), e heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Saper como iste condition afecta le coagulation del sanguine.

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