Thrombocytopenia

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What are the two phases of hemostasis?

Primary hemostasis and secondary hemostasis

What are the three steps of hemostasis?

Vasoconstriction; formation of platelet plug; and formation of fibrin clot

What is the main participant in vasoconstriction?

Smooth muscle cells of endothelium

What triggers the formation of platelet plug?

Exposure of subendothelial collagen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main participant in the formation of fibrin clot?

Protein clotting factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal platelet count?

150,000 to 350,000 platelets/microL Signup and view all the answers

What is a wound?

A wound is defined as an acute injury to intact skin. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a wound occurs?

When a wound occurs, it leaves an actual physical gap in the epidermis that immediately fills with blood, causing a leak. Signup and view all the answers

What does blood contain to stop the leak and fill the gap?

Blood contains platelets to form a plug and clotting factors to change that plug into a fibrin mesh. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the endothelium of the small blood vessels play in wound healing?

The endothelium of the small blood vessels within the wound clamp down to stem the flow of blood, causing fluid stasis. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if any part of the wound healing process breaks down?

If any part of the wound healing process breaks down, an acute wound can become a chronic one. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five stages of wound healing?

The five stages of wound healing are hemostasis, inflammation, epithelialization, fibroplasia, and maturation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin as a blood thinner?

Aspirin irreversibly blocks COX via acetylation, stopping TXA2 production and thus platelet aggregation. Signup and view all the answers

What are the toxicities associated with ticlopidine?

Agranulocytosis and seizures. Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the glycoprotein GpIIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors?

Abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban. Signup and view all the answers

What is the major effect of COX inhibitors?

Inhibition of thromboxane A2 or prostaglandin E2. Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the reversible prostaglandin E2 inhibitors?

Ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac. Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for severe bleeding in hemophilia B?

Factor IX concentrate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Ca2+ in the clotting process?

Ca2+ is needed by clotting factors to create fibrin clot. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the GpIIb/IIIa receptor in platelet aggregation?

The GpIIb/IIIa receptor binds circulating coagulation protein fibrinogen, allowing platelets to aggregate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of defective GpIIb/IIIa receptors?

Defective GpIIb/IIIa receptors cause Glanzmann thrombasthenia, which is characterized by prolonged bleeding time and impaired platelet aggregation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in platelet plug formation?

Von Willebrand factor anchors platelets to endothelium and acts as a carrier for factor VIII. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?

Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)?

TTP is treated with plasmapheresis to remove antibodies against ADAMTS13, the enzyme responsible for breaking down von Willebrand factor. Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible causes of thrombocytopenia due to platelet consumption?

Platelet consumption can be caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenic purpura, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible causes of thrombocytopenia due to autoimmune reaction?

Thrombocytopenia due to autoimmune reaction is also known as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and can be triggered by infection or occur on its own. It should not be confused with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible causes of thrombocytopenia due to infection?

Infections can cause thrombocytopenia through bone marrow suppression, hypersplenism, or platelet consumption. Common infections include Parvovirus B-19, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis E. Signup and view all the answers

What are some medications that can cause thrombocytopenia?

Medications that can cause thrombocytopenia include AZT, Vinblastine, Chloramphenicol, and Heparin. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an autoimmune reaction that occurs in about 5% of individuals who take heparin. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three steps involved in the formation of a platelet plug?

The three steps involved in the formation of a platelet plug are platelet adhesion to the injured vessel, platelet degranulation, and platelet aggregation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Von Willebrand factor in platelet adhesion?

Von Willebrand factor binds to collagen and the glycoprotein receptor GpIb on platelets, facilitating platelet adhesion to the injured vessel. Signup and view all the answers

Thrombocytopenia

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Questions and Answers

What are the two phases of hemostasis?

What are the three steps of hemostasis?

What is the main participant in vasoconstriction?

What triggers the formation of platelet plug?

What is the main participant in the formation of fibrin clot?

What is the normal platelet count?

What is a wound?

What happens when a wound occurs?

What does blood contain to stop the leak and fill the gap?

What role does the endothelium of the small blood vessels play in wound healing?

What happens if any part of the wound healing process breaks down?

What are the five stages of wound healing?

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin as a blood thinner?

What are the toxicities associated with ticlopidine?

What are the names of the glycoprotein GpIIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors?

What is the major effect of COX inhibitors?

What are the names of the reversible prostaglandin E2 inhibitors?

What is the treatment for severe bleeding in hemophilia B?

What is the function of Ca2+ in the clotting process?

What is the role of the GpIIb/IIIa receptor in platelet aggregation?

What is the consequence of defective GpIIb/IIIa receptors?

What is the function of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in platelet plug formation?

What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?

What is the treatment for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)?

What are the possible causes of thrombocytopenia due to platelet consumption?

What are the possible causes of thrombocytopenia due to autoimmune reaction?

What are the possible causes of thrombocytopenia due to infection?

What are some medications that can cause thrombocytopenia?

What are the three steps involved in the formation of a platelet plug?

What is the role of Von Willebrand factor in platelet adhesion?

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