30 Questions
What are the two phases of hemostasis?
Primary hemostasis and secondary hemostasis
What are the three steps of hemostasis?
Vasoconstriction; formation of platelet plug; and formation of fibrin clot
What is the main participant in vasoconstriction?
Smooth muscle cells of endothelium
What triggers the formation of platelet plug?
Exposure of subendothelial collagen
What is the main participant in the formation of fibrin clot?
Protein clotting factors
What is the normal platelet count?
150,000 to 350,000 platelets/microL
What is a wound?
A wound is defined as an acute injury to intact skin.
What happens when a wound occurs?
When a wound occurs, it leaves an actual physical gap in the epidermis that immediately fills with blood, causing a leak.
What does blood contain to stop the leak and fill the gap?
Blood contains platelets to form a plug and clotting factors to change that plug into a fibrin mesh.
What role does the endothelium of the small blood vessels play in wound healing?
The endothelium of the small blood vessels within the wound clamp down to stem the flow of blood, causing fluid stasis.
What happens if any part of the wound healing process breaks down?
If any part of the wound healing process breaks down, an acute wound can become a chronic one.
What are the five stages of wound healing?
The five stages of wound healing are hemostasis, inflammation, epithelialization, fibroplasia, and maturation.
What is the mechanism of action of aspirin as a blood thinner?
Aspirin irreversibly blocks COX via acetylation, stopping TXA2 production and thus platelet aggregation.
What are the toxicities associated with ticlopidine?
Agranulocytosis and seizures.
What are the names of the glycoprotein GpIIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors?
Abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban.
What is the major effect of COX inhibitors?
Inhibition of thromboxane A2 or prostaglandin E2.
What are the names of the reversible prostaglandin E2 inhibitors?
Ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac.
What is the treatment for severe bleeding in hemophilia B?
Factor IX concentrate.
What is the function of Ca2+ in the clotting process?
Ca2+ is needed by clotting factors to create fibrin clot.
What is the role of the GpIIb/IIIa receptor in platelet aggregation?
The GpIIb/IIIa receptor binds circulating coagulation protein fibrinogen, allowing platelets to aggregate.
What is the consequence of defective GpIIb/IIIa receptors?
Defective GpIIb/IIIa receptors cause Glanzmann thrombasthenia, which is characterized by prolonged bleeding time and impaired platelet aggregation.
What is the function of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in platelet plug formation?
Von Willebrand factor anchors platelets to endothelium and acts as a carrier for factor VIII.
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?
Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder.
What is the treatment for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)?
TTP is treated with plasmapheresis to remove antibodies against ADAMTS13, the enzyme responsible for breaking down von Willebrand factor.
What are the possible causes of thrombocytopenia due to platelet consumption?
Platelet consumption can be caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenic purpura, and hemolytic uremic syndrome.
What are the possible causes of thrombocytopenia due to autoimmune reaction?
Thrombocytopenia due to autoimmune reaction is also known as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and can be triggered by infection or occur on its own. It should not be confused with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).
What are the possible causes of thrombocytopenia due to infection?
Infections can cause thrombocytopenia through bone marrow suppression, hypersplenism, or platelet consumption. Common infections include Parvovirus B-19, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis E.
What are some medications that can cause thrombocytopenia?
Medications that can cause thrombocytopenia include AZT, Vinblastine, Chloramphenicol, and Heparin. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an autoimmune reaction that occurs in about 5% of individuals who take heparin.
What are the three steps involved in the formation of a platelet plug?
The three steps involved in the formation of a platelet plug are platelet adhesion to the injured vessel, platelet degranulation, and platelet aggregation.
What is the role of Von Willebrand factor in platelet adhesion?
Von Willebrand factor binds to collagen and the glycoprotein receptor GpIb on platelets, facilitating platelet adhesion to the injured vessel.
Test your knowledge on Thrombocytopenia and its various causes, including platelet consumption, autoimmune reactions, infections, medications, and congenital platelet disorders. Learn about Thrombotic microangiopathy, endothelium injury, and the impact on platelet count. Explore the association with disseminated intravascular coagulation and other conditions.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
