Thrombocytopenia

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What are the two phases of hemostasis?

Primary hemostasis and secondary hemostasis

What are the three steps of hemostasis?

Vasoconstriction; formation of platelet plug; and formation of fibrin clot

What is the main job of vasoconstriction?

To stop blood loss

What is the main job of platelet plug formation?

To create a temporary plug Signup and view all the answers

What is the main job of fibrin clot formation?

To create a stable clot Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal platelet count?

150,000 to 350,000 platelets/microL Signup and view all the answers

What is a wound?

A wound is an acute injury to intact skin. Signup and view all the answers

What happens immediately after a breach in the skin?

A physical gap in the epidermis is formed and it immediately fills with blood. Signup and view all the answers

What does the blood in a wound contain?

The blood in a wound contains platelets to form a plug and clotting factors to change the plug into a fibrin mesh. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the endothelium of small blood vessels play in wound healing?

The endothelium of small blood vessels clamp down to stem the flow of blood and cause fluid stasis. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five stages of wound healing?

The five stages of wound healing are hemostasis, inflammation, epithelialization, fibroplasia, and maturation. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a wound becomes chronic?

If a wound becomes chronic, it becomes arrested in one of the five stages of wound healing and cannot progress further. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Ca2+ in the clotting process?

Ca2+ is needed by clotting factors to create fibrin clot. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the receptor GpIIb/IIIa?

The receptor GpIIb/IIIa binds circulating coagulation protein fibrinogen. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is a defective GpIIb/IIIa?

A defective GpIIb/IIIa causes Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fibrinogen binding to GpIIb/IIIa receptors on two different platelets?

Fibrinogen binding to GpIIb/IIIa receptors on two different platelets links them together and forms a platelet plug. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Bernard-Soulier Syndrome?

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome is caused by a defective glycoprotein GpIb receptor on platelets. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?

The most common inherited bleeding disorder is Von Willebrand disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin as a blood thinner?

Aspirin irreversibly blocks COX via acetylation, stopping TXA2 production and thus platelet aggregation. Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the COX inhibitors mentioned in the text?

Aspirin Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the Glycoprotein GpIIb/IIIa Receptor Inhibitors mentioned in the text?

Abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the Reversible Prostaglandin E2 Inhibitors mentioned in the text?

Ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for mild bleeding in Hemophilia A?

DDAVP Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the Direct Thrombin inhibitors mentioned in the text?

Argatroban, Lepirudin, Bivalirudin, Dabigatran Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of thrombocytopenia due to platelet consumption?

Thrombocytopenia due to platelet consumption can be caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenic purpura, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Signup and view all the answers

What is the current preferred name for thrombocytopenia due to autoimmune reaction?

The current preferred name for thrombocytopenia due to autoimmune reaction is immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ADAMTS13 in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura?

In thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, ADAMTS13, a protease that cleaves von Willebrand factor, is impeded. Signup and view all the answers

How can infections cause thrombocytopenia?

Infections can cause thrombocytopenia via bone marrow suppression, hypersplenism, or platelet consumption. Signup and view all the answers

What drugs can cause thrombocytopenia?

AZT, Vinblastine, Chloramphenicol, and Benzene are drugs that can cause thrombocytopenia. Signup and view all the answers

What is Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)?

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an autoimmune reaction that occurs in about 5% of individuals who take heparin. Signup and view all the answers