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Questions and Answers
Which vein is formed by the confluence of the Sup.Epigastric and Musculophrenic veins?
What is the function of the Parasternal nodes?
What is the function of the Diaphragmatic nodes?
What is the function of the Intercostal nodes?
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What is the Thoracoepigastric Vein?
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What is the function of the Parasternal nodes in terms of drainage?
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What is the function of the Diaphragmatic nodes in terms of drainage?
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What is the function of the Intercostal nodes in terms of drainage?
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Which of the following is associated with the internal thoracic arteries?
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Which of the following receives lymph from the medial portion of the breast, intercostal spaces, diaphragm, and supraumbilical region of the abdominal wall?
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Study Notes
Muscles of Thoracic Wall
- External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Transversus abdominis, and Subcostals are the muscles of the thoracic wall
- Intercostal nerves and vessels ( VAN) run between the internal and innermost layers of muscles
- Intercostal nerves give rise to lateral and anterior cutaneous branches and muscular branches
Thoracic Wall Arteries
- Internal Thoracic Artery (Internal Mammory A.) is a branch of the Subclavian artery
- It divides into two terminal branches at the costal margin: Superior Epigastric & Musclophrenic arteries
- Musclophrenic artery gives off 2 Ant. Intercostal Arteries at 7th, 8th, and 9th intercostal spaces
Thoracic Wall Veins
- Each intercostal space has 1 posterior and 2 anterior intercostal veins
- Anterior veins include Musculophrenic & Int.thoracic V.
Thoracic Cage
- Thoracic skeleton consists of 12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilages, and the sternum
- Upper Aperture is formed by the body of the 1st thoracic vertebra, 1st rib, 1st cartilage, and the upper sternum margin
- Lower Aperture is formed by the lower 6 coastal cartilages and the 12th ribs, the xiphoid process in front and the body of the 12th thoracic vertebra behind
Thoracic Wall & Cavity
- Thoracic cavity is kidney-shaped on T/S because the ribs are carried backward beyond the vertebral bodies
- Diaphragm dome rises to 5th or 6th rib level, protecting the heart and lungs, and the upper abdominal viscera: liver, stomach, and spleen
Skeletal Articulation
- Costovertebral articulations include the joints of the head of the rib with two adjacent vertebral bodies and the tubercle of the rib with the transverse process of a vertebra
- There are two articular facets on the head of the rib: a larger, inferior costal facet for articulation with the vertebral body of its own number, and a smaller, superior costal facet for articulation with the vertebral body of the vertebra superior to the rib
Manubrium
- Very thick concave border called the jugular notch, readily palpated at the root of the neck
- Has a clavicular notch on each side for articulation with the clavicle
- Manubrium is 5 cm long and articulates with the cartilage of the first rib, the upper half of the second rib, and the body of the sternum at the manubriosternal joint, or sternal angle
Body of the Sternum
- Composed of 4 fused pieces or sternebrae
- Articulates with the second to seventh costal cartilages
- The 2nd rib cartilage articulates in a notch on the side of the sternal angle
- The 7th cartilage articulates with the angle between the body and the front of the xiphoid
Xiphoid Process
- A flat, cartilaginous process at birth that ossifies slowly from the central core and unites with the body of the sternum after middle age
- Lies at the level of the T10 vertebra, and the xiphisternal joint lies at the level of the T9 vertebral body, which marks the lower limit of the thoracic cavity in front, the upper surface of the liver, diaphragm, and lower border of the heart
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Description
This quiz covers the muscles of the thoracic wall, including the external and internal oblique muscles, and the intercostal muscles. It also touches on the nerves and vessels in the intercostal interval.
