Thoracic Wall: Muscles & Vessels
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Thoracic Wall: Muscles & Vessels

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary shape of the thoracic cavity?

  • Cone (correct)
  • Cylinder
  • Rectangle
  • Square

    • Which of the following is not a component of the thoracic wall?

  • Intercostal muscles
  • Thoracic diaphragm
  • Cervical vertebrae (correct)
  • Ribs

    • What is the main function of intercostal muscles?

  • Facilitate blood circulation
  • Aid in digestion
  • Assist in respiration (correct)
  • Support the spinal column

    • Which structure does not pass through the thoracic inlet?

    <p>Inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the boundaries of the thoracic outlet?

    <p>Superior to the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the thoracic wall?

    <p>To protect the lungs and heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure closes the thoracic outlet?

    <p>The diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries does NOT pass through the thoracic inlet?

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anterior boundary of the thoracic inlet?

    <p>Suprasternal notch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are found in the intercostal spaces?

    <p>Intercostal nerves and vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT part of the boundaries of the thoracic outlet?

    <p>First thoracic vertebra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures does NOT pierce the supra-pleural membrane at the thoracic inlet?

    <p>Brachiocephalic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many intercostal spaces are located between the ribs in the thoracic wall?

    <p>11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the external intercostal muscles?

    <p>Elevation of ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intercostal muscle fibers run downward and backward?

    <p>Internal intercostal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many intercostal spaces exist in the thoracic wall?

    <p>11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the internal intercostal muscles?

    <p>Costal groove of the rib above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During expiration, which intercostal muscles primarily function?

    <p>Internal intercostals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure forms the lower border of the xiphoid process?

    <p>Costal margin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the external intercostal muscles extend from and to?

    <p>From the tubercle of the rib to the angle of the rib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of content is found in intercostal spaces?

    <p>Muscles, nerves, and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the termination point of the internal thoracic artery?

    <p>6th intercostal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure does the 4th left posterior intercostal vein terminate into?

    <p>Hemiazygos vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the internal thoracic artery?

    <p>1st part of the subclavian artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries are branches of the musculophrenic artery?

    <p>Anterior intercostal arteries of 7th, 8th, and 9th spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries supplies the pleura and diaphragm?

    <p>Pericardio-phrenic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the Subcostalis muscle?

    <p>Depression of the ribs during expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Sternocostalis muscle primarily located?

    <p>Along the upper intercostal spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction do the fibers of the Innermost Intercostal muscle run?

    <p>Downwards and backward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insertion point for the Transversus Thoracis muscle?

    <p>Inner surface of costal cartilages of ribs 2-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle assists in moving the ribs during forced breathing?

    <p>Sternocostalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the Subcostalis muscle?

    <p>Inner surface of one rib near its posterior angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of intercostal arteries are present in each space?

    <p>One posterior and two anterior intercostal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the Transversus Thoracis muscle?

    <p>Move the ribs during forced breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many anterior intercostal arteries are there in the lower three intercostal spaces?

    <p>Two arteries each</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery gives rise to the 3rd through 11th posterior intercostal arteries?

    <p>Descending aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the termination point for the 1st to 3rd anterior intercostal veins?

    <p>Internal thoracic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a branch of the posterior intercostal artery?

    <p>Dorsal branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries are responsible for supplying the anterior intercostal areas in the upper 6 spaces?

    <p>Internal thoracic arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the anterior intercostal arteries terminate?

    <p>By anastomosing with the posterior intercostal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the 2nd anterior intercostal artery?

    <p>From the internal thoracic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the collateral branch of the posterior intercostal artery from the anterior intercostal arteries?

    <p>It passes on the upper border of the rib below</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thoracic Wall (Muscles & Vessels)

    • The thoracic cavity and its wall are cone-shaped, narrow above and wide below.
    • The diaphragm, the floor of the thoracic cavity, is pushed upward by the abdominal organs.
    • The thorax contains the primary organs of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
    • The thoracic wall is composed of bones, forming the thoracic cage, with a thoracic inlet superiorly and an outlet inferiorly.
    • Eleven intercostal spaces lie between the ribs.
    • These spaces contain intercostal muscles in layers, intercostal nerves, arteries, and veins.

    Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

    • Identify the components of the thoracic wall.
    • Name the boundaries and structures passing through the thoracic inlet.
    • Name the boundaries and structures passing through the thoracic outlet.
    • Recognize the origin, insertion, nerve supply, extent, direction of fibers, and action of intercostal muscles.
    • Mention the mechanism of respiration.
    • Identify the origin, features, and branches of intercostal nerves.
    • Recognize the origin, branches, and termination of intercostal arteries.
    • Recognize the origin, tributaries, and termination of intercostal veins.

    Agenda

    • What are the components of the Thoracic Wall?
    • What are the boundaries and structures passing through the thoracic inlet?
    • What are the boundaries and structures passing through the thoracic outlet?
    • What is the origin, insertion, nerve supply, extent, direction of fibers, and action of intercostal muscles?
    • What is the mechanism of respiration?
    • What is the origin, features, and branches of intercostal nerves?
    • What is the origin, branches, and termination of intercostal arteries?
    • What is the origin, tributaries, and termination of intercostal veins?

    Thoracic Inlet (Superior Thoracic Aperture)

    • Boundaries:
      • Anteriorly: suprasternal notch.
      • Posteriorly: first thoracic vertebra.
      • Laterally: inner border of the first rib and its costal cartilage.
    • Structures passing:
      • Tubes: trachea and esophagus.
      • Arteries: common carotid, subclavian, internal thoracic, and superior intercostal.
      • Veins: right and left brachiocephalic, vertebral, and inferior thyroid.
      • Nerves: phrenic, vagus, sympathetic chain, and left recurrent laryngeal.
      • Lymphatics: thoracic duct.

    Thoracic Outlet

    • Boundaries:
      • Anteriorly: xiphoid process.
      • Posteriorly: last thoracic vertebra and last two ribs.
      • Laterally: costal margin (7th-10th costal cartilages).
    • Structures Passing: Structures piercing the diaphragm.
    • Structures Crossed: Structures that pass by the diaphragm.

    Intercostal Spaces

    • Definition: Spaces between adjacent ribs.
    • Number: 11 spaces.
    • Contents:
      • Intercostal muscles (3 layers).
      • Intercostal nerves.
      • Intercostal arteries.
      • Intercostal veins.
      • Lymphatics.

    Intercostal Muscles

    • External Intercostal Muscles:

      • Origin: Lower border of rib above.
      • Insertion: Upper border of rib below.
      • Direction of fibers: Downward and forward.
      • Action: Elevation of ribs (inspiration).

    • Internal Intercostal Muscles:

      • Origin: Costal groove of rib above.
      • Insertion: Upper border of rib below.
      • Direction of fibers: Downward and backward.
      • Action: Depression of ribs (expiration).

    • Innermost Intercostal Muscles:

      • Origin: Middle of intercostal space.
      • Insertion: Middle of intercostal space.
      • Direction of fibers: Downward and backward.
      • Action: Depression of ribs (expiration).

    • Subcostal Muscles:

      • Origin: Costal groove near posterior angle.
      • Insertion: Inner surface of ribs below.
      • Direction of fibers: Downward and backward.
      • Action: Depresses ribs (forced exhalation).

    • Sternocostalis Muscles:

      • Origin: Body and xiphoid process of sternum.
      • Insertion: Costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 .
      • Direction of fibers: Upward and laterally.
      • Action: Forced inspiration.

    Intercostal Arteries

    • Anterior Intercostal Arteries:

      • Number: 2 in each of the upper 9 spaces.
      • Origin: Upper 6 from internal thoracic artery, lower 3 (7th, 8th, and 9th) from musculophrenic.
      • Termination: Anastomose with posterior intercostal artery and its collateral branch.

    • Posterior Intercostal Arteries:

      • Number: 1 in each of the 11 spaces.
      • Origin: First two from costo-cervical trunk, others from descending aorta.
      • Termination: Anastomosis with anterior intercostal artery and its collateral branch.

    Intercostal Veins

    • Anterior Intercostal veins:
      • Number: 2 in each of the upper 9 spaces.
      • Course: Pass with the corresponding arteries.
      • Termination:
        • 1st, 2nd, and 3rd: Internal thoracic vein.
        • 4th, 5th, and 6th: Vena comitantes of the internal thoracic artery.
        • 7th, 8th, and 9th: Vena comitantes of the musculophrenic artery.
    • Posterior Intercostal Veins:
      • Number: 1 in each of the 11 spaces.
      • Course: Pass with the corresponding arteries.
      • Termination: Tributaries to azygos and hemiazygos veins.

    Internal Thoracic Artery

    • Origin: First part of the subclavian artery.
    • Course: Descend behind the clavicle, medial ends of the upper 6th costal cartilages, 1.5 cm lateral to the sternal margin.
    • Termination: In the 6th intercostal space, by dividing into superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries.
    • Branches: Anterior intercostal arteries, pericardiophrenic artery, perforating arteries, musculophrenic artery, and superior epigastric artery.

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    Thoracic Wall (Muscles & Vessels) - Mansoura National University PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy of the thoracic wall, including its muscles and vessels. Learners will explore the structures of the thoracic cavity, intercostal spaces, and the role of the diaphragm. Key learning outcomes include identifying boundaries, muscle functions, and respiratory mechanisms.

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