Thoracic Trauma Management Quiz

False (B)

Blunt and penetrating injuries

<p>vascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurological injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blunt thoracic injury = Forces distributed over a large area Penetrating thoracic injury = Forces distributed over a small area Skeletal injury = Injury to bones in the thoracic cavity Pulmonary injury = Injury to the lungs from trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemodynamic instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyanosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volume-expanding fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>rib fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tachycardia = Hemothorax Hyporesonance = Pleural effusion Diminished breath sounds = Pneumothorax Cyanosis = Severe hemorrhagic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administering pain medication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumothorax with bleeding in the pleural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To form the epicardium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>blunt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased pulse pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>150 to 200 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pericardial Tamponade = A condition that restricts heart expansion due to fluid accumulation Visceral Layer = The layer that forms the epicardium Parietal Layer = The layer regarded as the sac itself Stroke Volume = The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary contusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperresonance on percussion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airway management and ventilation support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide high-concentration oxygen and assess for the need for positive-pressure ventilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>flail chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5% to 8% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>collapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closed Pneumothorax = Decreased breath sounds on affected side Open Pneumothorax = Involves a penetration wound Cardiac Tamponade = Fluid accumulation around the heart Blunt Chest Trauma = Usually results from collisions or falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary contusion and myocardial contusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flail Chest = Paradoxical chest wall movement Sternal Fracture = Cardiac tamponade Pulmonary Contusion = Respiratory failure Myocardial Contusion = Arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stabilizing the flail segment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forces are distributed over a large area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% to 85% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second leading cause of death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penetration from a foreign object (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thoracic injuries result in more than 20% of all trauma-related deaths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High likelihood of rib fractures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most thoracic injuries can be managed without surgical intervention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air follows the path of least resistance through the chest wall. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung collapse on the injured side. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased perfusion to the extremities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Demonstrates lung collapse on that side. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The size of the defect in the chest wall. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of heart expansion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>150 to 200 mL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resultant myocardial infarction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encloses and protects the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improvement in cardiac output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood leakage into thoracic cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases diastolic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visceral layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased intrapericardial pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrous sac (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk of respiratory failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paradoxical chest wall movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary contusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fracture of multiple ribs in adjacent areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Possible cardiac tamponade (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent paradoxical movement of the chest wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocardial rupture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve oxygen delivery to tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate chest wall stabilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases the risk of respiratory failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of blood in the pleural space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dullness on percussion of the affected side (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the most common lethal chest injury after blunt trauma. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accumulation of blood in the pleural space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than 1000 mL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-energy shock waves from explosions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiating high-concentration oxygen therapy as a priority (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tachycardia and hypotension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bleeding within the pleural cavity accompanied by air accumulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyanosis visible during exhalation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Injuries to the chest, a major cause of trauma deaths.

Chest injury caused by a large force distributed over a wider area.

Chest injury caused by a sharp object piercing the chest wall.

The way a chest injury occurs (blunt or penetrating).

Deaths related to injuries.

Chest injuries are among the top causes of trauma deaths.

Categorization of chest injuries based on affected body part (e.g., lung, heart, diaphragm).

A type of blunt chest trauma, rapid change in speed or direction.

A condition where blood builds up in the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium), causing pressure and reducing heart function.

The tough fibrous sac that encloses the heart.

Blood leaking into the pericardial space from a torn heart chamber wall.

The pressure inside the pericardium.

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat.

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

Blood flow to the heart muscle.

Reduced blood flow to the heart, causing damage.

Death of heart tissue due to lack of blood.

Significant improvement in cardiac output.

A condition where blood collects in the space between the lung and the chest wall (pleural space).

Rapid breathing, more than 20 breaths per minute in adults.

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

Bluish discoloration of the skin due to low oxygen levels in the blood.

Faint or absent lung sounds heard with a stethoscope over an affected lung, indicating air or fluid accumulation.

A dull, thudding sound heard when tapping on the chest over an area where there is fluid or solid tissue, indicating fluid accumulation.

Low blood pressure, a sign of poor circulation.

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is small, indicating reduced blood volume or a reduced ability of the heart to pump blood.

The trachea is shifted away from the affected side, indicating pressure from fluid or air in the chest.

A procedure where a chest tube is inserted to drain blood and/or air from the pleural space.

Air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This doesn't involve an open wound on the chest.

A serious injury where air enters the chest cavity through an open wound, usually from penetrating trauma like a gunshot or stabbing. The lung may collapse due to the pressure imbalance.

Open Pneumothorax usually results from penetrating trauma, such as gunshot wounds, stabbings, or impaled objects. These injuries create a direct pathway for air to enter the chest cavity.

The severity of an Open Pneumothorax depends on the size of the wound. Larger wounds allow more air into the chest, causing greater lung collapse and a higher risk of complications.

Open Pneumothorax can lead to a life-threatening condition because it prevents the lungs from effectively filling with air, leading to severe hypoventilation and potential death if not treated promptly.

A flail chest occurs when multiple ribs fracture, creating a section of the chest wall that moves independently during breathing. This is often caused by a blunt force injury such as a car accident or a fall.

Flail chest leads to respiratory failure due to the paradoxical movement of the chest wall. This movement disrupts the natural ability to breathe in and out effectively, reducing lung volume and oxygen intake.

Signs of a flail chest include chest pain, difficulty breathing, and paradoxical chest wall movement. The chest wall may move inward during inhalation and outward during exhalation, the opposite of normal breathing.

Sternal fractures occur when a significant force impacts the sternum, the bone in the middle of the chest. This can be caused by blunt trauma such as hitting a steering wheel, a fall, or a heavy blow.

Sternal fractures are often associated with other serious injuries such as flail chest, lung contusions, or even heart injuries due to the force needed to fracture the sternum.

Sternal fractures can lead to complications like paradoxical chest wall movement, difficulty breathing, and cardiac complications. These complications can be very serious and require immediate medical attention.

Managing flail chest involves ensuring adequate oxygenation, supporting breathing, and possibly stabilizing the flail segment. This may involve oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and potentially surgery.

The primary goal in treating flail chest is to improve breathing and prevent respiratory failure by ensuring sufficient oxygen intake and supporting the lungs.

Sternal fractures can lead to significant morbidity and mortality due to associated injuries and complications, making them a serious condition requiring prompt medical intervention.

Sternal fractures have a high mortality rate due to the proximity of the sternum to vital organs like the heart and lungs, and the risks of associated injuries.

Thoracic traumas are classified into two main categories: blunt trauma and penetrating trauma. Blunt trauma involves force distributed over a large area, while penetrating trauma involves force concentrated over a small area. Blunt trauma can occur from impacts, falls, or sudden decelerations, while penetrating trauma results from stabbings, gunshot wounds, or impaled objects.

Blunt thoracic injuries are the most prevalent type of chest trauma, accounting for 90% of all cases.

Penetrating injuries are often more dangerous because they can directly damage vital organs like the lungs, heart, and major blood vessels.

A flail chest occurs when multiple ribs fracture, creating a section of the chest wall that moves independently during breathing.

The most dangerous aspect of a flail chest is paradoxical movement. This means the broken section of the chest wall moves inward during inhalation and outward during exhalation, disrupting normal breathing and leading to respiratory distress.

A pneumothorax is a condition where air enters the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse.

There are two types of pneumothorax: open pneumothorax and closed pneumothorax. Open pneumothorax occurs when air enters the chest cavity through an open wound, while closed pneumothorax occurs when air leaks into the pleural space without an open wound.

A hemothorax is a condition where blood collects in the space between the lung and the chest wall.

A serious chest injury where multiple ribs break, causing a section of the chest wall to move independently during breathing.

The abnormal movement of a flail segment during breathing: inwards during inhalation and outwards during exhalation.

Flail Chest is typically caused by blunt trauma, such as a severe car accident or a fall.

Flail Chest compromises breathing because it prevents the chest from expanding properly, leading to a decrease in oxygen intake.

A break in the sternum (breastbone), often caused by a direct blow to the chest or a severe crush injury.

The pericardium is a tough, fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the heart. It has two layers: the visceral layer that forms the epicardium and the parietal layer that forms the sac itself.

Pericardial tamponade occurs when blood leaks into the pericardial sac, compressing the heart and reducing its ability to pump blood effectively.

Sternal Fractures are often associated with serious injuries such as flail chest, lung contusions, and heart trauma.

A relatively small amount of blood, around 150-200 mL, leaking into the pericardial sac is enough to cause pericardial tamponade.

Sternal fractures can lead to significant morbidity and mortality due to associated injuries and complications.

Managing Flail Chest involves ensuring adequate oxygenation, supporting breathing, and potentially stabilizing the flail segment.

Increased pressure in the pericardial sac restricts the heart's ability to expand and fill with blood, decreasing stroke volume and cardiac output.

Positive-pressure ventilation assists in reversing the paradoxical movement of the flail segment, restoring tidal volume, and reducing pain.

Increased pericardial pressure also reduces blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardial perfusion), potentially leading to ischemic dysfunction and even infarction.

Complications can include respiratory failure, pneumonia, and even cardiac complications.

Stroke volume is the amount of blood the heart pumps out with each beat.

Cardiac output is the amount of blood the heart pumps out every minute.

Even a small amount of blood removal, as little as 20 mL, can significantly improve the heart's ability to pump blood (cardiac output).

Infarction is the death of heart tissue due to a lack of blood supply, often caused by a blocked artery.

A condition where blood collects in the space between the lung and the chest wall (pleural space).

Common signs include rapid breathing, shortness of breath, bluish skin discoloration (cyanosis), diminished breath sounds on the affected side, and a dull thudding sound when tapping on the chest (hyporesonance).

Treatment involves providing oxygen, potentially intubation and ventilation, and draining the blood with a chest tube (tube thoracostomy).

A combination of a pneumothorax (collapsed lung) and a hemothorax (blood in the chest), making it a more severe condition.

A bruise on the lung tissue, caused by blunt force trauma, leading to inflammation and swelling.

Common causes include blunt chest trauma from car accidents, falls, or explosions, which can cause shock waves that damage lung tissue.

This is the most common life-threatening chest injury, affecting 30% to 75% of patients with blunt chest trauma.

It's often associated with rib fractures, as the force that causes the contusion can also break ribs.

Treatment focuses on providing oxygen, monitoring for complications, and potentially mechanical ventilation to support breathing.

The severity of a pulmonary contusion depends on the extent of the lung damage.