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Questions and Answers
Which muscle moves the rib superiorly during inspiration?
Which muscle moves the rib superiorly during inspiration?
Which muscle moves the rib inferiorly during expiration?
Which muscle moves the rib inferiorly during expiration?
Which muscle contracts during forceful exhalation?
Which muscle contracts during forceful exhalation?
Which muscle is the major muscle of respiration?
Which muscle is the major muscle of respiration?
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Which nerve runs along the iliac crest and provides sensory innervation to the lower abdominal wall and pubic region?
Which nerve runs along the iliac crest and provides sensory innervation to the lower abdominal wall and pubic region?
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Which nerve runs close to the iliohypogastric nerve and provides sensory and motor innervation to the abdominal and inguinal regions?
Which nerve runs close to the iliohypogastric nerve and provides sensory and motor innervation to the abdominal and inguinal regions?
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Which nerves have the main role of innervating the thoracic wall but also provide innervation to the muscles and skin of the upper abdominal wall?
Which nerves have the main role of innervating the thoracic wall but also provide innervation to the muscles and skin of the upper abdominal wall?
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Which muscle is considered an intrinsic (deep) back muscle?
Which muscle is considered an intrinsic (deep) back muscle?
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Which nerve supplies motor fibers to the trapezius muscle?
Which nerve supplies motor fibers to the trapezius muscle?
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Which muscles are commonly designated as superficial respiratory muscles?
Which muscles are commonly designated as superficial respiratory muscles?
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Which muscle is responsible for extension and rotation of the atlanto-occipital joint?
Which muscle is responsible for extension and rotation of the atlanto-occipital joint?
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Which muscle is innervated by the posterior ramus of C1, the suboccipital nerve?
Which muscle is innervated by the posterior ramus of C1, the suboccipital nerve?
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Which muscle is responsible for lateral flexion of the head and neck?
Which muscle is responsible for lateral flexion of the head and neck?
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Which muscle is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?
Which muscle is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?
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Which layer of the intrinsic back muscles is responsible for maintaining posture and controlling movements of the vertebral column?
Which layer of the intrinsic back muscles is responsible for maintaining posture and controlling movements of the vertebral column?
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Which muscle group lies in a groove on each side of the vertebral column and is the chief extensor of the vertebral column?
Which muscle group lies in a groove on each side of the vertebral column and is the chief extensor of the vertebral column?
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Which muscle is the superficial member of the transversospinalis group and is responsible for extension of the head, cervical spine, and thoracic spine?
Which muscle is the superficial member of the transversospinalis group and is responsible for extension of the head, cervical spine, and thoracic spine?
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Which layer of the deep back muscles mainly originates from the transverse processes of vertebrae and passes to the spinous processes of more superior vertebrae?
Which layer of the deep back muscles mainly originates from the transverse processes of vertebrae and passes to the spinous processes of more superior vertebrae?
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Which muscle is responsible for increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration?
Which muscle is responsible for increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration?
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Which nerve supplies motor fibers to the diaphragm?
Which nerve supplies motor fibers to the diaphragm?
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Which muscles make up the intercostal muscles?
Which muscles make up the intercostal muscles?
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Which artery is a direct continuation of the internal thoracic artery and supplies the superior part of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
Which artery is a direct continuation of the internal thoracic artery and supplies the superior part of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
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Which vein drains the posterior intercostal veins on the right side and the hemiazygos or accessory hemiazygos on the left side?
Which vein drains the posterior intercostal veins on the right side and the hemiazygos or accessory hemiazygos on the left side?
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Which nerve supplies the intercostal muscles, skin of the chest wall, and parietal pleura in the thoracic region?
Which nerve supplies the intercostal muscles, skin of the chest wall, and parietal pleura in the thoracic region?
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Where does 75% of the lymphatic drainage of the breast go?
Where does 75% of the lymphatic drainage of the breast go?
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The external and internal intercostal muscles are innervated by the _______________
The external and internal intercostal muscles are innervated by the _______________
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The diaphragm is innervated by the ________________
The diaphragm is innervated by the ________________
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What are the three foramina in the diaphragm and what passes through them?
What are the three foramina in the diaphragm and what passes through them?
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The two arteries that supply the thoracic wall are the _____________ and ____________ arteries
The two arteries that supply the thoracic wall are the _____________ and ____________ arteries
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The posterior intercostal arteries branch off the _____________
The posterior intercostal arteries branch off the _____________
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The anterior intercostal arteries branch off from the ___________________ artery
The anterior intercostal arteries branch off from the ___________________ artery
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The veins that drain the thoracic wall include the _________________ and ____________ veins
The veins that drain the thoracic wall include the _________________ and ____________ veins
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The posterior intercostal veins on the right side drain into the __________ and on the left side they drain into the _______________
The posterior intercostal veins on the right side drain into the __________ and on the left side they drain into the _______________
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The anterior intercostal veins drain directly or interectly into the right and left ____________ veins
The anterior intercostal veins drain directly or interectly into the right and left ____________ veins
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The __________ is the main arterial supply for the pectoral region.
The __________ is the main arterial supply for the pectoral region.
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The three main veins for venous drainage of the pectoral region include:
The three main veins for venous drainage of the pectoral region include:
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The pectoral region is innervated by _____________ intercostal nerves
The pectoral region is innervated by _____________ intercostal nerves
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The main arteries for blood supply in the anterolateral abdominal wall are the ________
The main arteries for blood supply in the anterolateral abdominal wall are the ________
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The four main veins of the anterolateral abdominal wall include the ______, _______, _________, ________ veins
The four main veins of the anterolateral abdominal wall include the ______, _______, _________, ________ veins
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The _________________ nerves (T7-T11) run along the costal margin and provide sensory information to skin and muscles to the anterolateral abdominal wall
The _________________ nerves (T7-T11) run along the costal margin and provide sensory information to skin and muscles to the anterolateral abdominal wall
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The ___________________ nerve (L1) runs along the iliac crest and provides sensory innervation to lower abdominal wall and pubic region
The ___________________ nerve (L1) runs along the iliac crest and provides sensory innervation to lower abdominal wall and pubic region
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The ______________ nerve (L1) runs close to Iliohypogastric nerve and provides sensory and motor innervation to abdominal and inguinal regions
The ______________ nerve (L1) runs close to Iliohypogastric nerve and provides sensory and motor innervation to abdominal and inguinal regions
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The ______________ main role is to innervate the thoracic wall but provides innervation to muscles and skin of the upper abdominal wall as well
The ______________ main role is to innervate the thoracic wall but provides innervation to muscles and skin of the upper abdominal wall as well
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Study Notes
Muscles of Respiration
- The diaphragm is the major muscle of respiration, responsible for increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration.
- The intercostal muscles (external and internal) move the rib cage superiorly during inspiration and inferiorly during expiration.
- The trapezius muscle contracts during forceful exhalation.
Nerve Supply
- The phrenic nerve supplies motor fibers to the diaphragm.
- The intercostal nerves (T1-T11) innervate the intercostal muscles, skin of the chest wall, and parietal pleura in the thoracic region.
- The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) supplies motor fibers to the trapezius muscle.
- The posterior ramus of C1, the suboccipital nerve, innervates the suboccipital muscles.
Back Muscles
- The trapezius muscle is considered an intrinsic (deep) back muscle.
- The semispinalis muscle lies in a groove on each side of the vertebral column and is the chief extensor of the vertebral column.
- The splenius muscle is the superficial member of the transversospinalis group, responsible for extension of the head, cervical spine, and thoracic spine.
Blood Supply and Drainage
- The internal thoracic artery supplies the superior part of the anterolateral abdominal wall.
- The posterior intercostal arteries branch off the aorta.
- The anterior intercostal arteries branch off from the internal thoracic artery.
- The posterior intercostal veins drain into the azygos or hemiazygos veins.
- The anterior intercostal veins drain directly or indirectly into the right and left innominate veins.
Pectoral Region
- The pectoral region is innervated by intercostal nerves (T1-T4).
- The main arteries for blood supply in the pectoral region include the internal thoracic artery and its branches.
- The main veins for venous drainage of the pectoral region include the internal thoracic vein, anterior intercostal veins, and superior epigastric vein.
Abdominal Wall
- The main arteries for blood supply in the anterolateral abdominal wall include the internal thoracic artery, superior epigastric artery, and musculophrenic artery.
- The four main veins of the anterolateral abdominal wall include the superior epigastric vein, musculophrenic vein, and their tributaries.
- The T7-T11 nerves run along the costal margin and provide sensory information to skin and muscles to the anterolateral abdominal wall.
- The iliohypogastric nerve (L1) runs along the iliac crest and provides sensory innervation to the lower abdominal wall and pubic region.
- The ilioinguinal nerve (L1) runs close to the iliohypogastric nerve and provides sensory and motor innervation to the abdominal and inguinal regions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the muscles, vessels, and nerves of the thoracic region, anterior abdominal walls, and breast. Learn about the intercostal muscles and spaces, as well as muscle origins, insertions, actions, and nerves.
