Thoracic Cage & Respiratory System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the intercostal muscles?

  • Controlling contraction and relaxation of the chest (correct)
  • Strengthening the rib cage
  • Supporting lung expansion
  • Protecting the heart

    • What separates the superior and middle lobes of the right lung?

  • Lobular fissure
  • Transverse fissure
  • Oblique fissure
  • Horizontal fissure (correct)

    • What happens to the diaphragm during a deep breath?

  • It ascends and compresses the lungs
  • It descends and increases lung volume (correct)
  • It contracts and reduces airflow
  • It remains static while the lungs expand

    • Which of the following accurately describes Dalton's law?

    <p>The total pressure in a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of a decrease in lubricating fluid within the pleural sac?

    <p>Painful inflammation during breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures convene to facilitate the clearance of mucus during illness?

    <p>Intercostal muscles and diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sections does the left lung have?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pleural sac facilitate?

    <p>Movement of the lungs without friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a closed pneumothorax?

    <p>The pleural cavity pressure is less than atmospheric pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pneumothorax is often referred to as a 'sucking chest wound'?

    <p>Open pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes obstructive atelectasis in the lungs?

    <p>Blockages such as mucus or tumors obstructing the bronchus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from a tension pneumothorax?

    <p>The heart may be displaced towards the unaffected lung.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of a pneumothorax?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure primarily carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to air pressure inside the lungs during normal inhalation?

    <p>It drops below atmospheric pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the process by which oxygen moves from the alveoli into the bloodstream?

    <p>Simple diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the process of pulmonary ventilation?

    <p>Changes in lung volume and air pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group primarily assists in normal exhalation?

    <p>Internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of a pneumothorax?

    <p>Escape of air into pleural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During forced breathing, what is the role of additional muscles?

    <p>To expand the thoracic cavity more rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Boyle's Law in respiration?

    <p>It describes the relationship between lung volume and pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of virus is SARS-CoV-2?

    <p>Single-stranded RNA virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significant social change prompted by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?

    <p>Remote work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is associated with severe cases of COVID-19?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organism causes the disease tuberculosis?

    <p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary transmission method for SARS-CoV-2?

    <p>Airborne droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do granulomas serve in tuberculosis infection?

    <p>They indicate cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is tuberculosis commonly diagnosed?

    <p>Mantoux test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary public health response to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak?

    <p>Development of vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of pneumocystic pneumonia?

    <p>It mostly affects immunocompromised individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is considered a last resort in severe pneumonia cases?

    <p>Pulmonary lavage to wash out the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major contributing factor to the containment of the SARS outbreak?

    <p>Effective public health measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission for SARS-CoV-1?

    <p>Human-to-human via respiratory droplets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with SARS?

    <p>Skin rash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the effects of exudate accumulation in the lungs?

    <p>Relatively solid lung portions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genome of SARS-CoV-1 is classified as what type?

    <p>Single-stranded RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication after surgery related to lung operations?

    <p>Post-operative pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the phrenic nerve in the respiratory process?

    <p>It controls the diaphragm's involuntary and voluntary movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the actual exchange of gases in the lungs?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the right lung larger than the left lung?

    <p>The heart occupies a portion of the left side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the pleural sac in lung physiology?

    <p>It allows the lungs to expand and contract with minimal friction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of air passage from the trachea to the alveoli?

    <p>Trachea → primary bronchus → intermediate bronchus → alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of macrophages within the alveoli?

    <p>Providing immune defense against pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of the tracheal support structure?

    <p>Cartilaginous rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the thoracic cage expands during inhalation?

    <p>The pressure inside the lungs decreases, allowing air to flow in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue forms the alveolar walls, key for gas exchange?

    <p>Type 1 alveolar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does surfactant play in the lungs?

    <p>Keeps the alveoli inflated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure provides the entry point for major bronchial and vascular structures into the lungs?

    <p>Hylum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the volume of the lungs when the diaphragm contracts?

    <p>It increases, allowing more oxygen intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is primarily involved in coughing mechanisms?

    <p>Throat and upper airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which blood vessel does deoxygenated blood circulate from the lungs back to the heart?

    <p>Pulmonary vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between lung structure and their functional capability?

    <p>Lung structures can be damaged but still support normal function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes the reactivation of tuberculosis in adults?

    <p>Immune system weakening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB)?

    <p>Resistance to at least two anti-TB drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the main issue in chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Chronic irritation and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of alpha-1 antitrypsin in the lungs?

    <p>Protecting lungs from proteolytic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during an asthma attack?

    <p>Spasmodic contraction of bronchi and bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic method is used to assess bronchiectasis?

    <p>Bronchogram via chest x-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the destruction of alveolar structures leading to large cystic spaces?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lung cancer is most commonly diagnosed in smokers?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to pulmonary fibrosis?

    <p>Fibrous thickening of alveolar septa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically observed during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

    <p>Leaking fluid and protein from damaged alveolar capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

    <p>Exposure to irritants like tobacco smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical manifestation is associated with Bronchiectasis?

    <p>Chronic cough with mucus retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor predominantly contributes to the progression of emphysema?

    <p>Decrease in lung elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thoracic Cage & Respiratory System

    • The thoracic cage (ribs and sternum) protects and works with other respiratory parts.
    • Intercostal muscles help with breathing, coughing (clearing upper airways), and responding to infections.

    Pleural Sac

    • The pleural sac, a fluid-filled sac surrounding the lungs, minimizes friction during lung expansion and contraction.
    • Infections or decreased lubricating fluid can cause painful inflammation.

    Diaphragm

    • The diaphragm, positioned mainly above the fifth rib, is controlled by the phrenic nerve.
    • It governs both involuntary and voluntary breathing.
    • During inhalation, the diaphragm moves downward, increasing lung space for oxygen exchange.
    • Exhalation reverses this process.

    Lungs (Right and Left)

    • Right lung: has superior, middle, and inferior lobes separated by horizontal and oblique fissures.
    • The right lung is larger than the left due to the heart's position.
    • Left lung: has superior and inferior lobes separated by an oblique fissure.

    Gas Exchange

    • Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide diffuses out.
    • Dalton's Law states that gas pressures in a mixture are independent.
    • The partial pressure differences drive oxygen and carbon dioxide movement.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the thoracic cage, pleural sac, diaphragm, and lungs. This quiz covers their anatomical functions and importance in the respiratory system. Perfect for anatomy students looking to reinforce their understanding of respiratory mechanics.

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