Respiratory System Anatomy Quiz

Respiratory System and Thoracic Cage Overview

• The thoracic cage includes the sternum, with the sternal angle marking the level of tracheal bifurcation and articulating with ribs 3 to 7.
• Thoracic movement during inspiration involves elevation of the rib cage and pump handle and buckle handle movements of the ribs.
• Muscles of ventilation include the diaphragm, external intercostals, and accessory muscles for inspiration, and internal intercostals and abdominal muscles for forced exhalation.
• The lungs are light, spongy, and mostly air-filled, with the right lung slightly larger than the left and cone-shaped.
• Anatomic landmarks of the lungs include the apex, base, borders, and surfaces, as well as the hilum and roots.
• Each lung is covered by a double-walled pleural sac, with visceral and parietal pleurae, maintaining negative pressure between pleurae to aid lung inflation.
• The respiratory system is divided into the upper respiratory system (above the larynx) and lower respiratory system (below the larynx).
• The upper respiratory tract includes the nasal cavities, pharynx, and larynx, which conducts air between the pharynx and trachea and houses the vocal folds.
• The larynx is formed by cartilage, including the cricoid and tracheal cartilage.
• The lower respiratory tract encompasses the tracheobronchial tree, conducting air to the alveoli through various bronchial divisions.
• The airway diameter progressively decreases with branching in the tracheobronchial tree, with the velocity of air flow inversely proportional to the total cross-sectional area of the airways.
• The right and left mainstem bronchi have distinct characteristics, with the right being more vertical and wider, making aspiration more common in the right lung.

Respiratory System and Thoracic Cage Overview

• The thoracic cage includes the sternum, with the sternal angle marking the level of tracheal bifurcation and articulating with ribs 3 to 7.
• Thoracic movement during inspiration involves elevation of the rib cage and pump handle and buckle handle movements of the ribs.
• Muscles of ventilation include the diaphragm, external intercostals, and accessory muscles for inspiration, and internal intercostals and abdominal muscles for forced exhalation.
• The lungs are light, spongy, and mostly air-filled, with the right lung slightly larger than the left and cone-shaped.
• Anatomic landmarks of the lungs include the apex, base, borders, and surfaces, as well as the hilum and roots.
• Each lung is covered by a double-walled pleural sac, with visceral and parietal pleurae, maintaining negative pressure between pleurae to aid lung inflation.
• The respiratory system is divided into the upper respiratory system (above the larynx) and lower respiratory system (below the larynx).
• The upper respiratory tract includes the nasal cavities, pharynx, and larynx, which conducts air between the pharynx and trachea and houses the vocal folds.
• The larynx is formed by cartilage, including the cricoid and tracheal cartilage.
• The lower respiratory tract encompasses the tracheobronchial tree, conducting air to the alveoli through various bronchial divisions.
• The airway diameter progressively decreases with branching in the tracheobronchial tree, with the velocity of air flow inversely proportional to the total cross-sectional area of the airways.
• The right and left mainstem bronchi have distinct characteristics, with the right being more vertical and wider, making aspiration more common in the right lung.