Thoracic and Abdominal Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which muscles are responsible for moving the rib superiorly during inspiration?

  • External intercostal muscles (correct)
  • Internal intercostal muscles
  • Innermost intercostal muscles
  • All of the above

Which muscles are responsible for moving the rib inferiorly during expiration?

  • External intercostal muscles
  • Internal intercostal muscles (correct)
  • Innermost intercostal muscles
  • All of the above

Which muscle is the major muscle of inspiration?

  • Internal intercostal muscles
  • External intercostal muscles
  • Diaphragm (correct)
  • Innermost intercostal muscles

Which nerves supply the diaphragm?

<p>Phrenic nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which foramina are present in the diaphragm?

<p>Aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, and caval opening (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ribs does the diaphragm attach to?

<p>Ribs 11 and 12 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the diaphragm?

<p>Depresses the domes and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply for the external intercostal muscles?

<p>Intercostal nerves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply for the internal intercostal muscles?

<p>Intercostal nerves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply for the innermost intercostal muscles?

<p>Intercostal nerves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries mainly supply the breast?

<p>Axillary A. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which veins drain the breast?

<p>Axillary, internal thoracic &amp; intercostal veins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves innervate the breast?

<p>2nd to 6th intercostal nerves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does 75% of the lymphatic drainage of the breast go?

<p>Axillary nodes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries mainly supply the thoracic wall?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which veins mainly drain the thoracic wall on the right side?

<p>Azygos vein. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves mainly supply the intercostal muscles, skin of the chest wall, and parietal pleura?

<p>Anterior rami of the upper thoracic spinal nerves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are direct continuations of the internal thoracic artery in the anterolateral abdominal wall?

<p>Superior epigastric artery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vein runs parallel to the superior epigastric artery in the anterolateral abdominal wall?

<p>Superficial epigastric vein. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels drain the abdominal wall?

<p>Epigastric veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply for the innermost intercostal muscles?

<p>Intercostal nerves (T1-T11) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries mainly supply the thoracic wall?

<p>Internal thoracic arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which veins mainly drain the thoracic wall on the right side?

<p>Internal thoracic veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is a direct continuation of the internal thoracic artery and supplies the superior part of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

<p>Superior epigastric artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which veins drain the posterior intercostal veins on the left side?

<p>Hemiazygos veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the intercostal muscles, skin of the chest wall, and parietal pleura?

<p>Anterior rami of the upper thoracic spinal nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vein runs parallel to the superior epigastric artery in the anterolateral abdominal wall?

<p>Superficial epigastric vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries mainly supply the breast?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anatomical features with their primary functions or characteristics:

<p>Mammary glands = Modified sweat glands in the superficial fascia Nipple = Innervated by the 4th intercostal N Arterial supply of the thoracic wall = Mainly by posterior and anterior intercostal arteries Venous drainage of the thoracic wall = Mainly through posterior and anterior intercostal veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anatomical structures with the source of their arterial supply:

<p>Breast = Axillary A., Internal thoracic A., 2nd to the 4th intercostals arteries Thoracic wall = Posterior intercostal arteries, Anterior intercostal arteries Anterolateral abdominal wall = Superior epigastric artery, Inferior epigastric artery, Branches of intercostal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anatomical structures with their venous drainage:

<p>Breast = Axillary, internal thoracic &amp; intercostal veins Thoracic wall = Posterior intercostal veins, Anterior intercostal veins Anterolateral abdominal wall = Veins that run parallel to the arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anatomical structures with their nerve supply:

<p>Breast = 2nd to 6th intercostal nerves Thoracic wall = Anterior rami of the upper thoracic spinal nerves Anterior abdominal wall = Lower intercostal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anatomical structures with their lymphatic drainage:

<p>Breast = 75% into axillary nodes, the rest mainly into the parasternal lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Muscles of Inspiration

Muscles responsible for moving the rib cage upward during inhalation.

Muscles of Expiration

Muscles that help to move the rib cage downward during exhalation.

Diaphragm: Role in Breathing

Primary muscle of inspiration, responsible for increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity.

Phrenic Nerve: Diaphragm Innervation

Nerve responsible for innervating the diaphragm. It originates from the cervical spinal nerves C3, C4, and C5.

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Foramina (Openings) in the Diaphragm

Openings in the diaphragm that allow the passage of vital structures.

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Aortic Hiatus

The aortic hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm that allows the passage of the aorta.

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Esophageal Hiatus

The esophageal hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm that allows the passage of the esophagus.

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Inferior Vena Cava Foramen

The inferior vena cava foramen is an opening in the diaphragm that allows the passage of the inferior vena cava.

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Diaphragm Attachment

The point where the diaphragm attaches to the lower ribs, lumbar vertebrae, and the xiphoid process.

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Diaphragm Action: Inspiration

During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and allowing air to flow into the lungs.

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Intercostal Nerves: External Intercostal Muscles

Nerves supplying the external intercostal muscles, which are involved in raising the ribs during inspiration.

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Intercostal Nerves: Internal Intercostal Muscles

Nerves that supply the internal intercostal muscles responsible for lowering the ribs during expiration.

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Intercostal Nerves: Innermost Intercostal Muscles

Nerves supplying the innermost intercostal muscles, which share the same nerve supply as the internal intercostal muscles.

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Blood Supply of the Breast

The internal mammary artery, lateral thoracic artery, and thoracoacromial artery are the major blood vessels supplying the breast.

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Venous Drainage of the Breast

The axillary vein and internal thoracic vein are the primary veins that drain blood from the breast.

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Innervation of the Breast

The intercostal nerves (T2-T6) provide sensory innervation to the breast.

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Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast

The majority (around 75%) of lymphatic drainage from the breast flows to the axillary lymph nodes.

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Blood Supply of the Thoracic Wall

The thoracic wall receives blood supply primarily from the intercostal arteries, branches of the thoracic aorta and internal thoracic artery.

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Venous Drainage of the Thoracic Wall

Venous drainage from the right side of the thoracic wall is mainly through the right superior intercostal vein and the azygos vein.

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Innervation of the Thoracic Wall

Intercostal nerves (T1-T11) provide sensory innervation to the intercostal muscles, skin of the chest wall, and parietal pleura.

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Blood Supply of the Abdominal Wall: Superior Epigastric Artery

The superior epigastric artery, a continuation of the internal thoracic artery, provides blood supply to the upper part of the anterolateral abdominal wall.

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Blood Supply of the Abdominal Wall: Inferior Epigastric Artery

The inferior epigastric artery, a branch of the external iliac artery, also supplies blood to the abdominal wall.

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Venous Drainage of the Abdominal Wall: Superior Epigastric Vein

The superior epigastric vein runs parallel to the superior epigastric artery, draining the anterolateral abdominal wall.

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Venous Drainage: Left Posterior Intercostal Veins

The posterior intercostal veins on the left side drain into the left superior intercostal vein, which then connects to the left brachiocephalic vein.

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Key Arteries for Breast and Thoracic Wall

The internal thoracic artery and its branches, such as the superior epigastric artery, are vital for supplying blood to the breast and thoracic wall.

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Intercostal Nerves: Key Innervation

Intercostal nerves play a crucial role in innervating the intercostal muscles, skin, and pleura, providing sensation and control to the chest wall.

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Study Notes

Muscles of Respiration

  • Muscles responsible for moving the rib superiorly during inspiration include the external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.
  • Muscles responsible for moving the rib inferiorly during expiration are primarily the internal intercostal muscles.
  • The diaphragm is the primary muscle of inspiration, playing a crucial role in the breathing process.

Nerve Supply of the Diaphragm

  • The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve, which originates from the cervical spinal nerves C3, C4, and C5.

Foramina in the Diaphragm

  • The diaphragm contains three main foramina: the aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, and inferior vena cava foramen.

Diaphragm Attachment and Action

  • The diaphragm attaches to the lower ribs (ribs 6-12), lumbar vertebrae, and the xiphoid process.
  • Its action during inspiration is to contract and flatten, increasing thoracic volume and facilitating airflow into the lungs.

Nerve Supply to Intercostal Muscles

  • External intercostal muscles are supplied by the intercostal nerves (T1-T11).
  • Internal intercostal muscles receive nerve supply also from the intercostal nerves.
  • Innermost intercostal muscles share their nerve supply with the internal intercostals through the intercostal nerves.

Blood Supply to the Breast

  • The breast is primarily supplied by the internal mammary artery, lateral thoracic artery, and thoracoacromial artery.
  • Venous drainage of the breast is via the axillary vein and internal thoracic vein.
  • The breast is innervated by the intercostal nerves (T2-T6).

Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast

  • Approximately 75% of lymphatic drainage of the breast goes to the axillary lymph nodes.

Blood Supply and Drainage of the Thoracic Wall

  • The thoracic wall is mainly supplied by the intercostal arteries, which are branches of the thoracic aorta and internal thoracic artery.
  • On the right side, the thoracic wall drains primarily through the right superior intercostal vein and the azygos vein.
  • Intercostal muscles, skin of the chest wall, and parietal pleura are mainly supplied by the intercostal nerves (T1-T11).

Blood Supply and Drainage of the Abdominal Wall

  • The internal thoracic artery continues as the superior epigastric artery and supplies the superior part of the anterolateral abdominal wall.
  • The inferior epigastric artery, a branch of the external iliac artery, also supplies the abdominal wall.
  • The superior epigastric vein runs parallel to the superior epigastric artery, draining the anterolateral abdominal wall.

Venous Drainage

  • Posterior intercostal veins on the left side drain into the left superior intercostal vein and then into the left brachiocephalic vein.

Summary of Blood Supply and Nerve Innervation

  • Key arteries providing blood supply to both the breast and thoracic wall include the internal thoracic artery and its branches.
  • Intercostal nerves are the primary source for supplying the intercostal muscles and adjacent structures.

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Related Documents

BMS Anatomy Lecture: Muscles, Vessels and Nerves of Thoracic and Abdominal Walls, PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the muscles, vessels, and nerves of the thoracic and anterior abdominal walls, as well as the breast, with this quiz based on the BMS Anatomy Asynchronous Lecture 3. This quiz is based on the book "Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy" by Arthur F. Dalley II and Anne M. R. Agur.

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