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Questions and Answers
What trait was demonstrated to be dominant in Morgan's experiments with fruit flies?
What trait was demonstrated to be dominant in Morgan's experiments with fruit flies?
- Fast reproduction
- Sex-linked traits
- Red eyes (correct)
- White eyes
Which characteristic of Drosophila made them ideal for Morgan's genetic experiments?
Which characteristic of Drosophila made them ideal for Morgan's genetic experiments?
- Complex mating patterns
- Ability to fly
- Small number of large chromosomes (correct)
- Long lifespan
What major theory did Morgan's experiments help to confirm?
What major theory did Morgan's experiments help to confirm?
- Mutation theory
- Natural selection theory
- Chromosomal theory of inheritance (correct)
- Gene theory
What was revealed about the inheritance of the white-eye trait in fruit flies?
What was revealed about the inheritance of the white-eye trait in fruit flies?
In addition to confirming Mendel's work, what significant impact did Morgan's research have on the field of genetics?
In addition to confirming Mendel's work, what significant impact did Morgan's research have on the field of genetics?
Which observation was made in the second generation of descendants in Morgan's breeding experiments?
Which observation was made in the second generation of descendants in Morgan's breeding experiments?
Who was inspired by Morgan and later received a Nobel Prize for his work on genetic mutations?
Who was inspired by Morgan and later received a Nobel Prize for his work on genetic mutations?
What aspect of the inheritance process did Morgan aim to understand through his experiments?
What aspect of the inheritance process did Morgan aim to understand through his experiments?
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Study Notes
Thomas Hunt Morgan
- Early skeptic of inheritance research
- Inspired by Mendel's theories and Darwin's theory of natural selection
- Conducted controlled lab experiments
Drosophila (Fruit Flies)
- Ideal for genetic experiments due to:
- Variety of physical traits
- Small number of large chromosomes
- Rapid reproduction and high numbers
- Carry inheritable genetic information
Morgan's Experiments
- Bred red-eyed female flies with white-eyed male flies
- All offspring displayed red eyes, demonstrating red as the dominant trait
- Bred offspring together to produce a second generation
- 1/4 of the offspring displayed white eyes, all of which were male flies
- This proved that the white-eye trait is linked to sex
- Further experiments revealed other sex-linked traits
- These traits were inherited together from the sex chromosome
- Confirmed that the white-eye trait was on the Y chromosome
Significance of Morgan's Research
- Confirmed the chromosomal theory of inheritance
- Demonstrated the accuracy and significance of Mendel's work
- Marked a turning point in the study of inheritance
- Launched the field of genetics
Hermann Joseph Muller
- US geneticist who received the Nobel Prize for his work on genetic mutations
- Inspired by Morgan
- Proved that hereditary changes can be artificially induced with X-rays
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