Thomas Hunt Morgan Experiments Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What combination of chromosomes determines the typical male sex in mammals?

  • Two autosomal chromosomes
  • An X and a Y chromosome (correct)
  • Two Y chromosomes
  • An X chromosome only

    • Who is most likely to express an X-linked recessive disorder?

  • Both males and females equally
  • Only females due to X inactivation
  • Females with two copies of the allele
  • Males with one X chromosome (correct)

    • How are X-linked recessive disorders commonly expressed?

  • Females with two copies of the allele
  • Both males and females equally
  • Only females due to X inactivation
  • Males with one X chromosome (correct)

    • What happens during X inactivation in female mammals?

    <p>One of the two X chromosomes in each cell is randomly inactivated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In humans, what is the typical sex chromosome configuration for a female?

    <p>XX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual is less likely to be affected by an X-linked dominant disorder?

    <p>Males with one X chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability of a male inheriting an X-linked recessive disorder from his father?

    <p>0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the random inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in each cell?

    <p>Genetic recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Morgan's experiments with fruit flies, what did he conclude when he observed nonparental phenotypes in the testcross?

    <p>The two traits were linked on the same chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason linked genes tend to be inherited together?

    <p>They are located near each other on the same chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Morgan's experiments with fruit flies demonstrate about gene inheritance?

    <p>Genes located on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accounts for the production of offspring with combinations of traits differing from either parent?

    <p>Genetic recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Morgan's experiments with fruit flies suggest when observing parental phenotypes?

    <p>Genes are linked and inherited together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inheritance of linked genes can lead to a higher proportion of which types of phenotypes in offspring?

    <p><strong>Parental</strong> phenotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the early 1900s experiments by Thomas Hunt Morgan demonstrate?

    <p>That genes are located on chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Thomas Hunt Morgan choose Drosophila melanogaster for genetic studies?

    <p>It has a small number of chromosomes and produces many offspring quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of discovering a fly with white eyes among the Drosophila melanogaster population?

    <p>It suggested the presence of a genetic mutation affecting eye color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of Drosophila melanogaster made it an ideal choice for genetic studies?

    <p>It produces a large number of offspring in a short time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Thomas Hunt Morgan play in the field of genetics?

    <p>He linked specific genes to their chromosomal location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key implication of Thomas Hunt Morgan's experiments with Drosophila melanogaster?

    <p>Genes can be physically mapped to specific chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the discovery of a fly with white eyes challenge existing genetic theories?

    <p>It suggested that gene mutations could alter observable traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of Drosophila melanogaster contributed most to its usefulness in genetic research?

    <p>Its well-defined genetic traits and short generation time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the discovery of a fly with white eyes significant in understanding genetics?

    <p>It revealed the possibility of mutations affecting inherited traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of Down Syndrome?

    <p>The deletion of a chromosome segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process does nondisjunction refer to?

    <p>The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Turner syndrome, individuals typically have which chromosomal configuration?

    <p>XX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the case of chromosome duplication?

    <p>Two identical chromosomes are produced from one original chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Klinefelter syndrome from Down syndrome?

    <p>An extra X chromosome in Klinefelter syndrome compared to an extra chromosome 21 in Down syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition in which an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes?

    <p>Tetraploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the situation where pairs of homologous chromosomes do not separate normally during meiosis?

    <p>Nondisjunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition results from the fertilization of gametes in which nondisjunction occurred?

    <p>Aneuploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic disorder is a result of an extra chromosome in a male, producing XXY individuals?

    <p>Klinefelter Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that produces individuals with an abnormal number of a particular chromosome?

    <p>Aneuploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome results from three copies of chromosome 21?

    <p>Down Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In genetic terms, what does monosomic zygote mean?

    <p>It has only one copy of a particular chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition where offspring have an abnormal number of a particular chromosome?

    <p>Aneuploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by an extra chromosome in males, producing XYY individuals who do not exhibit any syndrome?

    <p>Klinefelter Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

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