Podcast
Questions and Answers
What political change occurred in Portugal in the mid-1970s?
What political change occurred in Portugal in the mid-1970s?
Who was the Spanish dictator before the democratic transition began?
Who was the Spanish dictator before the democratic transition began?
Which event significantly contributed to the collapse of Galtieri's regime in Argentina?
Which event significantly contributed to the collapse of Galtieri's regime in Argentina?
The third wave of democratisation in southern Europe primarily occurred during which decade?
The third wave of democratisation in southern Europe primarily occurred during which decade?
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What was a consequence of King Juan Carlos's ascension to the Spanish throne?
What was a consequence of King Juan Carlos's ascension to the Spanish throne?
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Which country did NOT experience a military dictatorship prior to its democratic transition in the 1970s or 1980s?
Which country did NOT experience a military dictatorship prior to its democratic transition in the 1970s or 1980s?
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In what year did Portugal formalize its democratic transition with a new constitution?
In what year did Portugal formalize its democratic transition with a new constitution?
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Which event demonstrated the strength of Spain’s democratic transition in 1981?
Which event demonstrated the strength of Spain’s democratic transition in 1981?
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Study Notes
Third Wave of Democratization
- Focused on southern Europe and Latin America, following the collapse of dictatorial regimes.
- Regimes integrated into established international communities post-transition.
Southern European Democratization
- Occurred in the 1970s, following authoritarian rule, which intensified towards the late 1960s.
- Greece: Military leaders deposed in 1974, leading to a center-right government after 1974 elections.
- Portugal: Uprisings against the Salazar-inspired government in 1974-1975, resulting in civilian rule, new constitution (1976), and democratic transition.
- Spain: Dictator Franco sought to maintain his regime by installing King Juan Carlos in 1970s. Upon his death in 1975, a center-right Christian-democratic coalition led by a monarchy. Spain returned to monarchy and a new constitution (1978) was approved. The 1981 coup attempt was subdued by the King.
- European Integration: Greece, Portugal, and Spain joined the European Economic Community by 1986.
Latin American Democratization
- Transitions to democracy took place in the 1980s, following periods of military dictatorship.
- Argentina: Military dictatorship under Galtieri (increasing unpopularity and economic mismanagement, resulting in a failure in Falklands War). Elections returned constitutional rule in 1983 with a 85.6% turnout.
- Chile: Authoritarian takeover by Pinochet (1973). Pinochet tried to introduce his own constitution and despite the collapse of his regime, in 1988, that constitution remained after democratic elections and numerous amendments, with no new voted constitutions having been ratified.
Summary of Third Wave
- Characterized by democratic transitions across Europe and Latin America, following periods of similar military rule (mid-1970s to 1980s).
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Description
Explore the significant transitions to democracy in Greece, Portugal, and Spain during the 1970s. This quiz covers the collapse of authoritarian regimes and the subsequent integration into European communities. Test your knowledge on the pivotal events that shaped the democratic landscape of southern Europe.
