Thevenin and Norton Equivalents

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Questions and Answers

According to N.T. Wright, what is the resurrection of Jesus Christ considered?

  • The turning point of world history (correct)
  • An event of local significance
  • A myth
  • A minor event in religious history

The Gospels provide identical accounts of the Resurrection and post-Resurrection events.

False (B)

According to Luke's Gospel, What was the subject of discussion between the two men on the road to Emmaus when a stranger approached them?

The events of recent days

After the walk to Emmaus, the two men recognized Jesus in the ______ of the bread.

<p>breaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Jesus breathe on the apostles and say to them?

<p>Receive the Holy Spirit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thomas the apostle immediately believed the news of Jesus' resurrection when the other apostles told him.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the Resurrection, where did Jesus instruct the apostles to go?

<p>Galilee</p> Signup and view all the answers

The apostles caught 153 ______ after casting the net on the right side of the boat.

<p>fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

What question did Jesus ask Peter three times after having breakfast?

<p>Do you love me? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to John's Gospel, the resurrection narrative always begins at the tomb very early Saturday morning, the day before the Jewish Sabbath.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After finding the tomb empty, who did Mary Magdalene initially mistake Jesus for?

<p>The keeper of the garden</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to tradition, Jesus led the apostles and other disciples to a mountain in Galilee ______ days after the Resurrection.

<p>forty</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with the person who first announced it:

<p>Resurrection = Mary Magdalene It is the Lord! = John</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Jesus say to Peter when the latter wondered about John's future?

<p>Follow me (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The resurrected Jesus appeared to the apostles in a form that was immediately and universally recognized by everyone.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Pope St. John Paul II, what did Christ reveal in His Resurrection?

<p>The fullness of the love that the Father has for him and for all people (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the miraculous catch of fish, Jesus had a ______ fire going on the beach.

<p>charcoal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Jesus say to Peter, when all authority in heaven and on earth was given to him?

<p>&quot;Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you; and behold, I am with you always, to the close of the age.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

The two men walking to Emmaus immediately recognized Jesus when he joined them on their journey.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the angel tell the women who came to prepare Jesus' body for burial?

<p>He has risen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the apostles went fishing in Galilee after Jesus' instruction, their net remained ______ for several hours before Jesus intervened.

<p>empty</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Peter doing when John cried out, 'It is the Lord!'?

<p>Peter leaped into the water and swam ashore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the character to who saw them during the Resurrection and Ascension events:

<p>Peter = Resurrected Jesus Apostles = Ascension of Jesus</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Gospels agree on every single detail regarding the Resurrection and post-Resurrection accounts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Jesus show the men on the road to Emmaus to explain the necessity of his suffering?

<p>Passages from Scripture foretelling his suffering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Resurrection narrative

The day after the Jewish Sabbath when Mary Magdalene and other women came to prepare Jesus' body for burial at the tomb.

Emmaus

A town about three hours' walk northwest of Jerusalem, where two men encountered Jesus after the Resurrection.

Scripture Interpretation

After his Resurrection, Jesus showed them from Scripture how it foretold his suffering, death, and resurrection.

In Galilee

To leave Jerusalem and go to Galilee; there, Peter announced that he was going fishing.

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Great Commission

All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to him, and to make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that he commanded

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Jesus Speaks Again

Truly, truly, I say to you, when you were young, you fastened your own belt and walked where you would; but when you are old, you will stretch out your hands, and another will fasten a belt for you and carry you where you do not wish to go.

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Study Notes

  • Thevenin and Norton equivalents are circuit simplification techniques.

Thevenin Equivalent

  • Simplifies a circuit to a voltage source ($V_{TH}$) in series with a resistor ($R_{TH}$).

Thevenin Voltage ($V_{TH}$)

  • The open circuit voltage is measured at terminals a and b.

Thevenin Resistance ($R_{TH}$)

  • Can be calculated using three methods.

Method 1

  • Calculate the equivalent resistance looking into open circuit terminals a and b.
  • All independent sources must be turned off.
    • Voltage sources become short circuits.
    • Current sources become open circuits.

Method 2

  • Divide the open circuit voltage ($V_{OC}$) by the short circuit current ($I_{SC}$).
    • $R_{TH} = \frac{V_{OC}}{I_{SC}}$
    • $V_{OC}$: Open circuit voltage at terminals a and b
    • $I_{SC}$: Short circuit current at terminals a and b

Method 3

  • Apply a 1A source at terminals a and b and calculate the voltage $V_{ab}$.
    • $R_{TH} = \frac{V_{ab}}{1A} = V_{ab}$

Norton Equivalent

  • Simplifies a circuit to a current source ($I_N$) in parallel with a resistor ($R_N$).

Norton Current ($I_N$)

  • The short circuit current is measured at terminals a and b.

Norton Resistance ($R_N$)

  • Equal to the Thevenin resistance ($R_{TH}$).

Source Transformation

  • Converts a voltage source in series with a resistor to a current source in parallel with a resistor, or vice versa.

Independent Sources

  • Source transformation is valid for independent sources.

Dependent Sources

  • Source transformation is not valid for dependent sources.

Example: Thevenin Equivalent Calculation

  • A circuit contains a 12V voltage source, a 4kΩ resistor, and a 2kΩ resistor.
  • The 4kΩ resistor is in series with the voltage source.
  • The 2kΩ resistor is connected between the positive terminal (after the 4kΩ resistor) and terminal a; terminal b connects to the negative terminal of the 12V source.

Open Circuit Voltage ($V_{OC} = V_{TH}$)

  • Voltage division formula:
    • $V_{TH} = 12V \times \frac{2k\Omega}{4k\Omega + 2k\Omega} = 12V \times \frac{2}{6} = 4V$

Thevenin Resistance ($R_{TH}$)

  • After turning off the independent source:
    • $R_{TH} = 4k\Omega || 2k\Omega = \frac{4k\Omega \times 2k\Omega}{4k\Omega + 2k\Omega} = \frac{8k\Omega}{6k\Omega} = \frac{4}{3} k\Omega = 1.333 k\Omega$

Thevenin Equivalent Values

- $V_{TH} = 4V$
- $R_{TH} = 1.333 k\Omega$

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