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Questions and Answers
What is the normal range for core body temperature in humans?
What is the normal range for core body temperature in humans?
- 35.0 to 36.0 °C
- 38.6 to 39.5 °C
- 36.4 to 37.3 °C (correct)
- 37.4 to 38.5 °C
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the long-term increase in metabolic rate associated with non-shivering thermogenesis?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the long-term increase in metabolic rate associated with non-shivering thermogenesis?
- Adrenaline
- Cortisol
- Thyroxin (correct)
- Insulin
How much can shivering increase heat production in the body?
How much can shivering increase heat production in the body?
- Up to fifteen times the basal level
- Up to five times the basal level (correct)
- Up to two times the basal level
- Up to ten times the basal level
What process is primarily responsible for generating heat through the breakdown of nutrients in humans?
What process is primarily responsible for generating heat through the breakdown of nutrients in humans?
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Which thermogenesis method involves the repeated stimulation of voluntary muscles?
Which thermogenesis method involves the repeated stimulation of voluntary muscles?
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Study Notes
Importance of Thermoregulation
- Essential for sustaining normal bodily functions and life.
- Extreme deviations from normal body temperature may result in death.
Core Body Temperature
- Normal range for core body temperature: 36.4 to 37.3 °C.
- Refers to the temperature of internal structures beneath the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
Heat Production in Humans
- Primary source of heat is respiratory metabolism.
- Heat is generated through the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats.
Thermogenesis
- Defined as the process of heat production in organisms.
- Regulation occurs through the nervous system and hormones.
Types of Thermogenesis
-
Shivering Thermogenesis:
- Involves motor neuron stimulation of voluntary muscles.
- Physical shivering can increase heat production by up to five times the basal level.
-
Non-shivering Thermogenesis:
- Triggered by a high metabolic rate.
- Thyroxin (a thyroid hormone) elevates metabolic rate, resulting in sustained heat production.
- Adrenaline causes a rapid, short-term boost in metabolic activity.
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