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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic distinguishes extensive properties from intensive properties?
Which characteristic distinguishes extensive properties from intensive properties?
- They are typically represented using lowercase symbols.
- They increase in value when the size of the system increases. (correct)
- They depend on the chemical composition of the substance.
- Their values are independent of the size of the system.
What defines a quasi-static process in thermodynamics?
What defines a quasi-static process in thermodynamics?
- It involves no changes in the properties of the system.
- It occurs without any change in the external environment.
- It is an idealized process that occurs very slowly. (correct)
- It allows for rapid changes in state.
How is a phase defined in thermodynamics?
How is a phase defined in thermodynamics?
- It indicates the average energy states of a thermodynamic system.
- It is a quantity of mass with uniform chemical composition and physical structure. (correct)
- It describes a state in which multiple chemical compositions coexist.
- It refers to any operation that changes a single property of a system.
Which of the following represents a specific property in thermodynamics?
Which of the following represents a specific property in thermodynamics?
What is indicated by the term 'change of state' in thermodynamics?
What is indicated by the term 'change of state' in thermodynamics?
What is the main characteristic of properties in thermodynamics?
What is the main characteristic of properties in thermodynamics?
Which of the following best describes the macroscopic approach in studying matter?
Which of the following best describes the macroscopic approach in studying matter?
Which statement about extensive and intensive properties is correct?
Which statement about extensive and intensive properties is correct?
What is a quasi-static process?
What is a quasi-static process?
Which of the following represents a property that can be considered either extensive or intensive depending on context?
Which of the following represents a property that can be considered either extensive or intensive depending on context?
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Study Notes
Properties of Thermodynamics Systems
- Extensive Property: Property whose value is dependent on the size or extent of the system. Examples include Volume (V) and Mass (M)
- Intensive Property: Property whose value is independent of the size or extent of the system. Examples include pressure (p) and temperature (T)
- Specific Property: The value of an extensive property per unit mass. Examples include specific volume (v) and density (ρ)
- It is a special case of intensive property.
- Most widely referred properties in thermodynamics: Pressure, Volume, Temperature, Entropy, Enthalpy, Internal Energy.
State and Phase
- State: The condition of a system as defined by the values of all its properties. It is the complete description of the system.
- Phase: A quantity of mass that is homogeneous throughout in chemical composition and physical structure. Examples include: solid, liquid, vapor, and gas.
- A system consisting of more than one phase is known as a heterogeneous system.
Path and Process
- Path: The series of states a system passes through during a change of state.
- Process: A system is said to go through a process if it goes through a series of changes in its state.
Quasi-Static Processes
- Processes that are controlled and restrained.
- For practical purposes, only restrained processes are considered.
System, Surroundings, and Boundaries
- System: A macroscopically identifiable collection of matter on which we focus our attention.
- Surroundings: The rest of the universe outside the system that is close enough to have a perceptible effect.
- Boundaries: The surfaces separating the system from the surroundings (eg: walls of the kettle, the housing of the engine).
Types of Systems
- Closed system: No mass is permitted to cross the system boundary, but heat and work can enter or leave.
- Open system: Mass is permitted to cross the system boundary in either direction. Most engineering devices are open systems.
- Isolated system: No interaction between the system and the surroundings.
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