Thermodynamics Laws

Zeroth Law: If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another. ΔU = Q - W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat added, and W is the work done.
Second Law: The total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time, except in reversible processes. ΔS = ΔQ / T, where ΔS is the change in entropy, ΔQ is the heat added, and T is the temperature.
Third Law: As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value.

Isothermal Process: Temperature remains constant.
Adiabatic Process: No heat is transferred between the system and its surroundings.
Isobaric Process: Pressure remains constant.
Isochoric Process: Volume remains constant.

Wave-like Behavior: Particles, such as electrons, can exhibit wave-like properties, such as diffraction and interference.
Particle-like Behavior: Particles, such as electrons, can exhibit particle-like properties, such as having a definite position and momentum.

Schrödinger Equation: A mathematical equation that describes the time-evolution of a quantum system.
Superposition: A quantum system can exist in multiple states simultaneously.
Entanglement: The connection between two or more quantum systems, where the state of one system is dependent on the state of the other system(s).
Uncertainty Principle: It is impossible to know certain properties of a quantum system, such as position and momentum, simultaneously with infinite precision.

Wave Function: A mathematical function that describes the quantum state of a system.
Probabilistic Nature: Quantum systems are described using probability amplitudes and wave functions, which give the probability of finding a system in a particular state.
Quantization: Quantum systems can only occupy certain discrete energy levels, rather than being able to take on any value.

If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other (Zeroth Law).
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another (First Law): ΔU = Q - W.
The total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time, except in reversible processes (Second Law): ΔS = ΔQ / T.
As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value (Third Law).

Isothermal Process: Temperature remains constant.
Adiabatic Process: No heat is transferred between the system and its surroundings.
Isobaric Process: Pressure remains constant.
Isochoric Process: Volume remains constant.

Particles, such as electrons, can exhibit wave-like properties, such as diffraction and interference (Wave-like Behavior).
Particles, such as electrons, can exhibit particle-like properties, such as having a definite position and momentum (Particle-like Behavior).

The Schrödinger Equation is a mathematical equation that describes the time-evolution of a quantum system.
A quantum system can exist in multiple states simultaneously (Superposition).
The connection between two or more quantum systems, where the state of one system is dependent on the state of the other system(s), is called Entanglement.
It is impossible to know certain properties of a quantum system, such as position and momentum, simultaneously with infinite precision (Uncertainty Principle).

A Wave Function is a mathematical function that describes the quantum state of a system.
Quantum systems are described using probability amplitudes and wave functions, which give the probability of finding a system in a particular state (Probabilistic Nature).
Quantum systems can only occupy certain discrete energy levels, rather than being able to take on any value (Quantization).