Thermodynamics: Definition and Basic Concepts

What is the science of energy called?

What is a closed system also known as?

Which approach in thermodynamics is concerned with the overall behavior of a system?

What is a fluid that stores, carries, and transfers energy called?

Which characteristic of a system can be assigned a numerical value at a given time without knowledge of the previous behavior?

In an open system, what can cross its boundary?

Which type of property depends on the quantity of matter?

What type of equilibrium refers to a system at the same temperature as its surroundings?

Which system undergoes no acceleration because the mechanical forces acting on it are balanced?

Which quantity describes quantitatively the transition between equilibrium states of a thermodynamic system?

Which dimension distinguishes any physical quantities with a mathematical entity?

What does the mole represent?

What type of property does not depend on the quantity of matter?

Which equilibrium state involves no change in chemical composition over time?

What type of equilibrium involves two or more systems at the same temperature?

What is a state quantity in thermodynamics?

Thermodynamics Overview

The science of energy is called thermodynamics.
A closed system is also known as an isolated system, where no matter enters or exits.
The approach in thermodynamics concerned with the overall behavior of a system is known as the macroscopic approach.

Fluid and Energy Transfer

A fluid that stores, carries, and transfers energy is referred to as a working fluid.
Open systems allow mass and energy to cross their boundaries, enabling interaction with the surroundings.

Properties and States

A characteristic of a system that can be assigned a numerical value at a given time, independent of prior behavior, is termed a state function.
A bulk property depends on the quantity of matter within a system, such as mass or volume.

Equilibrium Types

Thermal equilibrium refers to a system that is at the same temperature as its surroundings.
A system that experiences no acceleration due to balanced mechanical forces is said to be in static equilibrium.
The transition between equilibrium states in a thermodynamic system is quantitatively described by the Gibbs free energy.
Chemical equilibrium involves a system where there is no change in chemical composition over time, indicating a stable state.
Thermal equilibrium can also occur when two or more systems are at the same temperature.

Fundamental Concepts

A dimension represents any physical quantity with a mathematical entity, such as mass, length, or time.
The mole is a unit that represents a specific quantity of particles, approximately (6.022 \times 10^{23}) entities.
Intensive properties do not depend on the quantity of matter, such as temperature and pressure.

Explore the definition of terms, basic concepts, and principles of thermodynamics with a focus on the science of energy, the thermodynamic system, and closed systems. Learn about the study of energy storage, transformation, and transfer.