Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed. (correct)
- The total energy in the universe is decreasing.
- The entropy of an isolated system always increases.
- Energy cannot be destroyed, only created.
If the internal energy of a system increases by 50 J and 30 J of work is done on the system, how much heat is added?
If the internal energy of a system increases by 50 J and 30 J of work is done on the system, how much heat is added?
- 80 J
- -20 J
- 30 J
- 20 J (correct)
Which of the following represents the First Law of Thermodynamics mathematically?
Which of the following represents the First Law of Thermodynamics mathematically?
- PV = nRT
- 45 = AQ/T
- ΔU = Q - W
- ΔU = Q + W (correct)
In an adiabatic process, which of the following is true?
In an adiabatic process, which of the following is true?
If a gas undergoes an isothermal expansion, which quantity remains constant?
If a gas undergoes an isothermal expansion, which quantity remains constant?
Which statement is true for a perfectly efficient heat engine?
Which statement is true for a perfectly efficient heat engine?
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that:
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that:
Which process violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Which process violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Flashcards
First Law of Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
Thermodynamic Process: Heat Calculation
Thermodynamic Process: Heat Calculation
The change in internal energy of a system equals the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system.
First Law of Thermodynamics (Equation)
First Law of Thermodynamics (Equation)
ΔU = Q - W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is heat added, and W is work done.
Adiabatic Process
Adiabatic Process
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Isothermal Expansion
Isothermal Expansion
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Cyclic Process
Cyclic Process
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Second Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics
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Efficiency of a Carnot Engine
Efficiency of a Carnot Engine
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Study Notes
Thermodynamics and Electricity
- First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
- Mathematical Representation of First Law of Thermodynamics: ΔU = Q - W (Change in internal energy equals heat added minus work done)
- Adiabatic Process: No heat exchange occurs.
- Isothermal Expansion: Temperature remains constant.
- Cyclic Process: Net work done equals zero.
- Entropy: A measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
- Second Law of Thermodynamics: The entropy of an isolated system always increases or remains constant. Heat flows from hot to cold, spontaneously.
Ohm's Law
- Ohm's Law: V = IR (Voltage equals current times resistance)
Electricity Calculations
- Current Calculation: Calculate current using the formula: I = V/R, where I = current, V = voltage, and R = resistance.
- Power Calculation: Calculate power using the formula: P = IV (Power equals current times voltage). Example: A device connected to a 230 V supply and drawing 5 A of current consumes 1150 W of power.
Material Properties
- Electrical Conductors: Copper is a good conductor of electricity. Other materials are poor conductors or insulators.
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