8 Questions
What is the enthalpy (H) defined as in the context of thermodynamics?
H = U + pV
In the context of chemistry, why is enthalpy (H) important?
It describes reactions in an open container.
What is the relationship between enthalpy (H) and heat capacity (Cp) for isobaric processes?
dH = CpdT
For the perfect gas, what is the expected change of temperature (T) during chemical reactions?
No change of T is expected (ΔrT ≈ 0)
What is an exception to the usual positive value of heat capacity?
Metastable systems, e.g. clusters and black holes
According to Dulong and Petit (1819), what is the approximate molar heat capacity of solid metals at high temperatures?
3R or 24.9 J/K
What causes strong deviations in heat capacity at low temperatures for solids?
T^3-law of Debye or linear T-dependence (electrons in metals)
Why do solids of light, tightly-bonded atoms such as beryllium and diamond have smaller heat capacities?
Large quantum vibrational energy spacing, causing many vibrational modes to be frozen out
Explore the relationship between heating systems, volume changes, and pressure in thermal processes. Understand the interrelation between heat, state functions, and pressure in a thermally insulated system.
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