Energy in Thermal Processes: Concepts and Transfer
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Questions and Answers

What happens when two objects of different temperatures are placed in thermal contact?

  • The temperature of the warmer object remains the same and the temperature of the cooler object increases
  • The temperature of the warmer object decreases and the temperature of the cooler object increases (correct)
  • The temperature of the warmer object decreases and the temperature of the cooler object decreases
  • The temperature of the warmer object increases and the temperature of the cooler object increases

    • What is the relationship between heat and internal energy?

  • Heat and internal energy are the same thing and can be used interchangeably
  • Heat is a type of internal energy
  • Internal energy is a type of heat
  • Heat and internal energy are distinct concepts and should not be used interchangeably (correct)

    • What is the definition of a calorie?

  • The amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water from 32°F to 33°F
  • The amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 g of water from 0°C to 1°C
  • The amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water from 0°C to 1°C
  • The amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 g of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C (correct)

    • What is the relationship between the concept of energy and the law of conservation of energy?

    <p>The concept of energy was broadened to include internal energy, which led to the formulation of the law of conservation of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between heat and internal energy?

    <p>Heat is a form of energy transfer, while internal energy is a property of a system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of energy relate to the law of conservation of energy?

    <p>The law of conservation of energy applies to all forms of energy, including both mechanical and internal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information does the given text NOT provide about the displacement of an object?

    <p>The direction of the displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between work and the units of force and displacement?

    <p>Work has units of Newton-meter, which is the same as Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the work done by a force zero?

    <p>When the force is perpendicular to the displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between work and kinetic energy?

    <p>Work is only related to kinetic energy when the only change in the object is its speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between conservative and non-conservative forces?

    <p>Conservative forces can have potential energy associated with them, non-conservative forces cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a conservative force?

    <p>Gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of metals makes them good conductors of heat?

    <p>Large numbers of relatively free electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In order for conduction to occur, there must be a difference in __________.

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the rate of conduction through a slab of material?

    <p>$Q = \frac{kA(T_1 - T_2)}{L}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are good conductors and good insulators differentiated based on their thermal conductivity values?

    <p>Good conductors have high thermal conductivity values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are substances rated based on their insulation properties?

    <p>$R$ values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total R value when multiple layers of insulation materials are used?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between work and the area under the curve for a linear force?

    <p>The work is equal to the area under the curve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for the work done by a linear force?

    <p>W = ½ k(x_max)^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle allows for solving complex collision problems without knowing the forces involved?

    <p>Conservation of momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for momentum?

    <p>kg m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the direction of momentum and the direction of velocity?

    <p>The direction of momentum is the same as the direction of velocity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for impulse?

    <p>N s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of collision conserves both momentum and kinetic energy?

    <p>Elastic collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a perfectly inelastic collision, what happens to the final velocities of the colliding objects?

    <p>They are equal to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic equation for rocket propulsion?

    <p>$F = \frac{dM}{dt}v_e$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the coordinate system in the problem-solving process for two-dimensional collisions?

    <p>To separate the momentum conservation into x and y components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a glancing collision, how is the conservation of momentum applied?

    <p>Momentum is conserved in both the x-direction and the y-direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the exhaust speed and the thrust of a rocket?

    <p>Thrust is directly proportional to exhaust speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

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