Thermal Concepts in Physics

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Questions and Answers

What is the absolute zero temperature in Celsius?

  • -100
  • 0
  • -32
  • -273.15 (correct)

Which thermometric property changes with temperature?

  • 0.5
  • 1000
  • 76 (correct)
  • 2

At what temperature does the triple point of water occur on the Kelvin scale?

  • 373.15
  • 273.15
  • 273.16 (correct)
  • 0

What is the pressure at the ice point temperature?

<p>760 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much is the temperature in Celsius when it is 212°F?

<p>100 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental interval on the Kelvin scale?

<p>100 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation $T_K = T_C + 273.15$ represent?

<p>0 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temperature corresponds to 100°C in Kelvin?

<p>373.15 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does heat transfer require between two objects?

<p>Thermal contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Zeroth Law of thermodynamics, what conclusion can be drawn if objects A and C are in thermal equilibrium and objects B and C are also in thermal equilibrium?

<p>Objects A and B are in thermal equilibrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thermal equilibrium?

<p>When two objects cease to exchange energy by heat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common misunderstanding about temperature can arise from touching objects of different thermal conductivities?

<p>They feel cold because they are at different temperatures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding thermometers?

<p>They can use any physical property for measurements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which temperature scale is considered a thermodynamic scale?

<p>Kelvin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that thermometers rely on for measuring temperature?

<p>Change in physical properties with temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason why our senses may provide a misleading indication of temperature?

<p>Different materials conduct heat differently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Heat

  • Heat is the transfer of energy between objects due to a temperature difference.
  • Thermal contact is required for heat transfer.
  • Heat always flows from a warmer object to a colder object.

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

  • Two objects in thermal equilibrium with a third object are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
  • This law allows for the development of thermometers.
  • Provides a basis for comparing temperatures.

Thermal Equilibrium

  • Objects in thermal equilibrium do not exchange energy through heat or electromagnetic radiation.
  • This occurs when objects in thermal contact cease to exchange energy.

Thermal Conductivity

  • The rate at which heat flows through a material.
  • Higher conductivity materials, such as metal, transfer heat more readily than lower conductivity materials, like plastic.
  • Can create misleading perceptions about the true temperature of an object.

Thermometers

  • Devices used to measure the temperature of a system.
  • Temperature measurements depend on the measuring device and the temperature scale used.

Thermodynamic (Kelvin) Scale

  • Ice point (273.15 K): The temperature at which water freezes.
  • Triple point of water (273.16 K): Temperature at which water exists as solid, liquid, and gas in equilibrium.
  • Steam point (373.15 K): The temperature at which water boils.
  • Absolute zero (0 K): The theoretical temperature at which all molecular motion ceases.

Celsius Scale

  • Ice point (0 °C): The temperature at which water freezes.
  • Steam point (100 °C): The temperature at which water boils.
  • Relationship to Kelvin: TK = TC + 273.15 or TC = TK - 273.15

Fahrenheit Scale

  • Ice point (32 °F): The temperature at which water freezes.
  • Steam point (212 °F): The temperature at which water boils.
  • Relationship to Celsius: TF = 9/5 TC + 32 or TC = 5/9 (TF - 32).

Thermometric Properties

  • Physical properties that change with temperature.
  • Used in thermometers to measure temperature.
  • Examples include:
    • Volume/length of a liquid
    • Length of a solid
    • Pressure of a gas at constant volume
    • Volume of a gas at constant pressure
    • Electric resistance of a conductor
    • The colour of an object
    • The emf of a thermocouple

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