Therapy for Adrenal Gland Disorders - Pharmacology IV (CCS446)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex?

  • Secreting androgens
  • Secreting epinephrine
  • Secreting mineralocorticoids (correct)
  • Secreting glucocorticoids

    • What is the major glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex in humans?

  • Aldosterone
  • Epinephrine
  • Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
  • Cortisol (correct)

    • What is the primary regulator of aldosterone secretion in the adrenal cortex?

  • CRH and corticotropin (ACTH)
  • Aromatase enzyme
  • HPA axis
  • Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) (correct)

    • What is the name of the disease that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones?

    <p>Addison's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the enzyme aromatase in the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Converting androgens to estrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which cortisol regulates its own secretion?

    <p>Feedback inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Cushing syndrome?

    <p>An overproduction of cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the glucocorticoid that is naturally produced by the body?

    <p>Cortisol (hydrocortisone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what time of day is glucocorticoid secretion typically at its maximum?

    <p>Early morning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of circulating cortisol is bound to Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a lack of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase in the adrenal glands?

    <p>Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of plasma half-life (t½) for hydrocortisone?

    <p>60-90 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for chronic adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)?

    <p>Oral doses of hydrocortisone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering steroids to a pregnant female with a history of CAH?

    <p>To prevent virilization of the female fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of dexamethasone in the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome?

    <p>To bind to GR in the pituitary and inhibit ACTH production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for hydrocortisone 100 mg i.v./8h in acute adrenocortical insufficiency?

    <p>To stabilize the patient until they are stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of determining the genotype and sex of the fetus in congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

    <p>To determine the appropriate steroid therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cortisol in lung maturation in the fetus?

    <p>It stimulates lung maturation in the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical characteristic associated with prolonged use of glucocorticoids?

    <p>Moon face and buffalo hump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of glucocorticoids in pregnancy?

    <p>Risk of fetal abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a side effect of glucocorticoids on the skin?

    <p>Skin atrophy and hypopigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of sudden withdrawal of glucocorticoids after prolonged use?

    <p>Acute hypotension and shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are glucocorticoids contraindicated in peptic ulcer disease?

    <p>They increase the risk of bleeding and perforation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a long-term effect of systemic use of glucocorticoids?

    <p>HPA axis suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Addison's disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of mineralocorticoids?

    <p>Maintaining electrolyte and fluid balance in hypoadrenalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of aldosterone on potassium levels?

    <p>Decreases potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of myocardial remodeling associated with CHF?

    <p>Myocardial remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of fludrocortisone?

    <p>Maintaining electrolyte and fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the property of aldosterone that affects salt retention?

    <p>Salt-retaining potency</p> Signup and view all the answers

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