Therapy for Adrenal Gland Disorders - Pharmacology IV (CCS446)

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What is the primary function of the zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex?

Secreting androgens

Secreting epinephrine

Secreting mineralocorticoids (correct)

Secreting glucocorticoids

What is the major glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex in humans?

Aldosterone

Epinephrine

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Cortisol (correct)

What is the primary regulator of aldosterone secretion in the adrenal cortex?

CRH and corticotropin (ACTH)

Aromatase enzyme

HPA axis

Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) (correct)

What is the name of the disease that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones?

Addison's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the enzyme aromatase in the adrenal cortex?

Converting androgens to estrogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which cortisol regulates its own secretion?

Feedback inhibition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Cushing syndrome?

An overproduction of cortisol Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the glucocorticoid that is naturally produced by the body?

Cortisol (hydrocortisone) Signup and view all the answers

At what time of day is glucocorticoid secretion typically at its maximum?

Early morning Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of circulating cortisol is bound to Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)?

85% Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a lack of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase in the adrenal glands?

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of plasma half-life (t½) for hydrocortisone?

60-90 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for chronic adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)?

Oral doses of hydrocortisone Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering steroids to a pregnant female with a history of CAH?

To prevent virilization of the female fetus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dexamethasone in the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome?

To bind to GR in the pituitary and inhibit ACTH production Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for hydrocortisone 100 mg i.v./8h in acute adrenocortical insufficiency?

To stabilize the patient until they are stable Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of determining the genotype and sex of the fetus in congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

To determine the appropriate steroid therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cortisol in lung maturation in the fetus?

It stimulates lung maturation in the fetus Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical characteristic associated with prolonged use of glucocorticoids?

Moon face and buffalo hump Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of glucocorticoids in pregnancy?

Risk of fetal abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect of glucocorticoids on the skin?

Skin atrophy and hypopigmentation Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of sudden withdrawal of glucocorticoids after prolonged use?

Acute hypotension and shock Signup and view all the answers

Why are glucocorticoids contraindicated in peptic ulcer disease?

They increase the risk of bleeding and perforation Signup and view all the answers

What is a long-term effect of systemic use of glucocorticoids?

HPA axis suppression Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Addison's disease?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of mineralocorticoids?

Maintaining electrolyte and fluid balance in hypoadrenalism Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aldosterone on potassium levels?

Decreases potassium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of myocardial remodeling associated with CHF?

Myocardial remodeling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of fludrocortisone?

Maintaining electrolyte and fluid balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the property of aldosterone that affects salt retention?

Salt-retaining potency Signup and view all the answers