9 Questions
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Intensity = The power per unit area of the sound head, expressed in watts per centimeter squared Frequency = The number of compression-rarefaction cycles per unit of time, expressed in hertz Effective Radiating Area = The area of the transducer from which the US energy radiates Attenuation = The reduction of US energy as it enters the body due to absorption, reflection, and refraction
Match the following characteristics with their effects on therapeutic ultrasound:
Increasing frequency of US = Decreases depth of penetration and concentrates energy in superficial tissues Beam nonuniformity ratio = Describes the uneven distribution of US energy from the transducer Absorption = Accounts for about half of the attenuation of US energy in tissues Attenuation coefficients = Tissue-specific and frequency-specific measures of US energy reduction
Match the following types of therapeutic ultrasound with their primary use:
Continuous US = Generally used for thermal effects Pulsed US = Used for nonthermal effects and to accelerate treatment goals when applied appropriately
Match the following statements with their related concept in therapeutic ultrasound:
Reflection = The redirection of an incident beam away from a surface at an angle equal and opposite to the angle of incidence ERA always smaller than treatment head area = Due to uneven crystal vibration, the Effective Radiating Area is smaller than the treatment head area
Match the following materials with their piezoelectric properties:
Bone = Piezoelectric material Natural quartz = Piezoelectric material Synthetic pulmbium zirconate titanate (PZT) = Piezoelectric material Barium titanate = Piezoelectric material
Match the following zones with their characteristics in ultrasound beam propagation:
Fresnel zone = Convergent region Near Field = Fresnel zone Fraunhofer zone = Divergent region Far Field = Fraunhofer zone
Match the following effects with their association to ultrasound:
Acceleration of metabolic rate = Thermal effects of US Reduction or control of pain & muscle spasm = Thermal effects of US Alteration of nerve conduction velocity = Thermal effects of US Increased circulation = Thermal effects of US
Match the following tissues with their response to ultrasound heating based on absorption coefficient:
Tissues with high collagen content = Heated by US more Tissues with high water content = Heated by US less Tendons, ligaments, joint capsules, & fasciae* = Tissues with high collagen content Scar tissue in muscle (increased collagen content) = Tissues with high water content
Match the following factors with their effect on the amount of temperature increase in tissues under ultrasound application:
Frequency = Directly proportional to temperature increase Average intensity = Higher intensity leads to increased temperature Duration of US application = Proportional to the absorption coefficient of tissues being applied to Speed of US transducer = Does not affect temperature increase on tissues
Learn about the concepts of intensity and frequency in therapeutic ultrasound, including the WHO limits and frequency range. Understand how adjusting frequency can impact the depth of penetration and energy concentration.
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