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Questions and Answers
What is an example of a tertiary level prevention strategy?
Which characteristic is essential for a psychiatric nurse to accurately sense another person’s inner experiencing?
What is the role of a psychiatric nurse as a ward manager in a psychiatric setting?
Which activity falls under health promotion in psychiatric nursing?
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In psychiatric nursing, what does the ability to use therapeutic tools appropriately refer to?
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Which level of prevention strategy involves monitoring medication administration in psychiatric care?
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What is the purpose of exploring in therapeutic communication?
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Which technique focuses on concentrating on a single point in therapeutic communication?
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What is the purpose of focusing in therapeutic communication?
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Which technique involves asking the client to consider appropriate behaviors in future situations?
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If a client refuses to explore a subject in therapeutic communication, what should the nurse do?
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Why is formulating a plan of action considered beneficial in therapeutic communication?
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When a nurse asks a client to verbalize what they perceive, what is the main rationale behind this technique?
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What is the rationale behind encouraging clients to compare ideas, experiences, or relationships?
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Why is it important for a nurse to understand his or her own feelings and beliefs?
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What does self-awareness entail according to Campbell (1980)?
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How does self-awareness benefit a nurse's interactions with clients?
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Why does encouraging a client to describe ideas fully play a significant role in therapeutic communication?
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What is the main purpose of asking a client to appraise the quality of their experience in therapeutic communication?
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What is the purpose of the Johari Window according to Luft (1970)?
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When a nurse explores a subject or idea further with a client, what is the primary aim of this technique?
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Why should a nurse understand themselves before trying to help others?
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What happens when a nurse understands their own feelings and beliefs?
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Why might asking clients to consider people and events based on their own values be an important aspect of therapeutic communication?
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Which neurotransmitter is known for its excitatory effects and has been implicated in brain damage from conditions like stroke and Alzheimer's Disease?
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What effect do drugs that increase GABA function, such as benzodiazepines, typically have?
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In Alzheimer's Disease, individuals tend to have a decreased number of neurons that secrete which neurotransmitter?
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Which term describes the maximal therapeutic effect that can be achieved by a drug?
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What describes the amount of drug needed to achieve the maximum effect?
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What term refers to the amount of time it takes for half of the drug to be removed from the bloodstream?
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Study Notes
Psychiatric Nursing
- Monitoring of medication administration, blood pressure, and skin problems are all examples of prompt treatment.
- Helping a patient find an alternative to their home after it was destroyed by a fire is an example of tertiary level of prevention strategy.
Health Education
- Health education, communication, and information dissemination are examples of activities under health promotion.
Characteristics of a Psychiatric Nurse
- Empathy: the ability to see beyond outward behavior and sense accurately another person's inner experiencing.
- Genuineness/Congruence: the ability to use therapeutic tools appropriately.
- Unconditional Positive Regard: respect for the client.
Roles of the Nurse in Psychiatric Settings
- Ward Manager: creates a therapeutic environment.
Therapeutic Communication Techniques
Exploring
- Definition: delving further into a subject or idea.
- Examples: "Tell me more about that.", "Would you describe it more fully?", "What kind of work?"
- Rationale: helps clients examine issues more fully and understand their problems better.
Focusing
- Definition: concentrating on a single point.
- Examples: "This point seems looking at more closely.", "Of all the concerns you have mentioned, which is most troublesome?"
- Rationale: helps clients concentrate on a single point and prevent overwhelming feelings.
Formulating a Plan of Action
- Definition: asking the client to consider kinds of behavior likely to be appropriate in future situations.
- Examples: "What could you do to let your anger out harmlessly?", "Next time this comes up, what might you do to handle it?"
- Rationale: helps clients plan in advance and develop coping strategies.
Encouraging Description of Perceptions
- Definition: asking the client to verbalize what he or she perceives.
- Examples: "Tell me when you feel anxious", "What is happening?", "What does the voice seem to be saying?"
- Rationale: helps the nurse understand the client's perspective and relieve tension.
Encouraging Expression
- Definition: asking the client to appraise the quality of his or her experience.
- Examples: "What are your feelings in regard to..?", "Does this contribute to your distress?"
- Rationale: helps the client make their own appraisal and develop self-awareness.
Self-Awareness
- Definition: understanding of one's personality, emotions, sensitivity, motivation, ethics, philosophy of life, physical and social image, and capacities.
- Importance: necessary for the nurse to understand himself or herself before trying to help others.
- The JOHARI WINDOW is a tool that can be used to learn more about oneself.
Neurotransmitters
Histamine
- Role in mental illness is under investigation.
- Some psychotropic drugs block histamine, resulting in weight gain, sedation, and hypotension.
Acetylcholine
- Synthesized from dietary choline found in red meat and vegetables.
- Persons with Alzheimer's Disease have a decreased number of acetylcholine-secreting neurons.
GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
- Drugs that increase GABA function are used to treat anxiety and induce sleep.
Glutamate
- An excitatory amino acid that can have major neurotoxic effects at high levels.
- Implicated in brain damage caused by stroke, hypoglycemia, sustained hypoxia or ischemia, and some degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's Disease.
Psychopharmacology
- Important terms to know: efficacy, potency, and half-life.
Efficacy
- Refers to the maximal therapeutic effect that can be achieved by a drug.
Potency
- Describes the amount of drug needed to achieve that maximum effect.
- Drugs with a low potency require higher dosages to achieve efficacy.
Half-Life
- The amount of time it takes for half of the drug to be removed from the bloodstream.
- Drugs with a shorter half-life may need to be given multiple times a day, while drugs with a longer half-life may be given once a day.
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Description
Explore the concept of self-awareness in nursing practice, including understanding personality, emotions, beliefs, and attitudes. Discover the importance of nurses gaining recognition of their own feelings and beliefs before helping others.
